THIS RESEARCH EXAMINED THE WAYS SUBJECTS USE SUCH A STRUCTURAL DEVICE AS GRAMMAR IN THEIR ATTEMPTS TO RECALL OR PRODUCE BEHAVIOR SEQUENCES IN LANGUAGE INSTRUCTION. RESEARCH TECHNIQUES TO STUDY THE BEHAVIORAL CORRELATES OF THE UTILIZATION OF RULES IN THE GENERATION OF LANGUAGE BEHAVIOR WERE DEVELOPED. THESE TECHNIQUES WERE THEN USED TO STUDY THE WAY SUBJECTS USE THE RULES IN RESPONSE GENERATION. THE EXPERIMENTAL TASK WAS A PAIRED-ASSOCIATE LEARNING SITUATION IN WHICH SUBJECTS LEARNED SENTENCES AS RESPONSES TO DIGIT STIMULI. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT THE AVAILABLE EVIDENCE INDICATES THAT SUBJECTS DO USE PHRASE-STRUCTURE RULES AS OPPOSED TO ITEM-TO-ITEM ASSOCIATIONS WHEN THEY ARE ATTEMPTING TO RECALL LANGUAGE SEQUENCES. (GD)