Induction refers to categorizing sensory experience and substitution to interchanging similar objects. If similar items are functionally identical and near the focus of attention at nearly the same time, similarity impedes learning (interference). If either condition is not fulfilled, similarity aids learning (transfer). (DD)

This study attempted to answer two questions: should variable or constant grapheme-phoneme correspondence be introduced initially and should paired-associate or conceptual training be used in initial training. (Author/RK)

Results show that the most efficient way to learn a series of lists is to form a new interactive image for each new response to a given stimulus, but the most efficient way to retain the lists is to repeat the previous response items while each new list is being learned. (Author)

The relationships between classroom performance, ability measures, paired-associate tasks, problem solving tasks, and CART scores are investigated for Grade 5 students. The test is standardized on Grades 5-8. (DG)