Investigated whether effectiveness of behavioral marital therapy would be increased by addition of cognitive restructuring and/or emotional expressiveness training for maritally distressed couples. Results from 60 such couples randomly assigned to a variety of treatment combinations revealed that the addition of cognitive restructuring and…

Four autistic and severely handicapped children (ages 9-13) were taught to recruit or set the occasion for praise from an adult. After the structured instruction, the children used these behaviors in all generalization settings and were frequently successful in recruiting praise. (Author/DB)

The critical analysis of 23 studies using respondent techniques for the reduction of excessive emotional reactions in school children focuses on research design, dependent variables, independent variables, component analysis, and demonstrations of generalization and maintenance. Results indicate widespread methodological flaws that limit the…

Six four-year-olds were subjects in two experiments on correspondence training procedures with toy play behaviors. The experiments found that presence or absence of children's verbalizations exerted no influence on play with target toys, and that children were less likely to engage in target behaviors when no antecedent experimenter verbalization…

Examined relevance of depression to chronic pain. Found significant differences among 131 depressed, mildly depressed, and nondepressed chronic pain sufferers on instrumental activities and coping skills, with more depressed subjects reporting lower levels of functioning and less support. Depressed pain patients showed greater tendency to drop out…

Increased sharing behavior of preschoolers (N=6) by exposing group to: (1) books with themes on sharing, (2) a puppet presentation of book characters modeling sharing behavior, and (3) child use of puppets to portray book character sharing behavior. Found combined bibliotherapy and puppetry increased preschooler sharing behavior. (Author/CM)

Classical conditioning is responsible for students' positive and negative feelings, whether directed toward subject matter, peers, teachers, or education in general. This article explains how educators can use classical conditioning principles (such as reinforcement, extinction, and paired stimuli) to create an anxiety-free learning environment.…

Presents research supporting cognitive-behavioral model for counselor supervision and gives conceptual and procedural base for defining and implementing cognitive-behavioral supervision approach. Describes three supervision techniques (mental practice, covert modeling, cognitive modeling) and three supervision interventions (cognitive…

An ecological survey is used to collect information about a wide range of variables that can influence a student's problem behavior. The survey enables teachers and parents to identify the settings and conditions in which behaviors are displayed, in order to develop an appropriate behavior change program. (JDD)

Investigated variables potentially related to participation and success in worksite smoking modification program. Found that older subjects who were heavy smokers were most likely to participate in program. Strength of habit and age were inversely associated with success at quitting smoking at posttreatment and with smoking reduction among…

Proposes an ecological model for health promotion that focuses on individual and societal environmental factors as targets for health promotion interventions. The model assumes that changes in the social environment will produce changes in individuals and that support of individuals is essential for implementing environmental changes. (JOW)

This study evaluated the effectiveness of high probability requests and time-out as treatments for noncompliance which appeared to be maintained by contingent attention in two developmentally normal children. The introduction of high-probability requests increased compliance for one child but not the other. Time-out was effective with both…

Parents (n=58) rated the acceptability of behavioral treatments recommended to them for their children's behavior problems and completed an attribution measure. Results indicated that a significant, negative correlation exists between physical attribution ratings and acceptability ratings of behavioral treatments, with the magnitude of the…

Two students with severe disabilities were alternately presented with interspersed high-compliance requests and social comments as antecedents to low-compliance requests. Analysis found similar positive effects on compliance for interspersed requests and social comments. The effectiveness of social comments was related to the time interval between…

Participants (n=128) quit smoking on a target date, after a 3-week period of either scheduled reduced smoking, nonscheduled reduced smoking, scheduled nonreduced smoking, or nonscheduled, nonreduced smoking. After one year, the scheduled reduced group performed the best, and the nonscheduled reduced group the worst. Both scheduled groups performed…