Purpose: In this study pupillometry was used to investigate the allocation of attentional resources associated with sentence comprehension in children with and without specific language impairment (SLI). Method: Eighteen children with SLI (age: M = 6.4 years) and 18 typically developing (TD) children (age: M = 6.3 years) participated in the study.…

Recent upgrades to cognitive load theory suggest that evolutionary processes have shaped the way that working memory processes cultural and social information. According to evolutionarily educational psychologists, some forms of information are processed with lower working memory loads than other forms. The former are evolutionarily salient and…

Flow has been described as positive experiences of intense concentration, distorted time passage, and a loss of self-consciousness that result from matching task difficulty to a person's skill level. It has been studied in many different populations and has been associated with a number of positive outcomes, including improved life satisfaction…

Over the past 50 years, an increasing proportion of student graduating high school attend college, but literacy levels in the United States have remained largely unchanged. We present preliminary results that suggest the literacy levels of assessed first year college freshmen are above 5th grade but below 12th grade, that only 32% of these…

Source-based writing is a complex and frequently occurring task type in postsecondary education. While a large body of research now exists investigating source-based student writing, few studies have used corpus-based methods to investigate L1 student performance on source-based writing tasks and to connect this performance to the holistic quality…

Problem-based learning encourages students to deepen their understanding of a concept by working through a real-world example of course content. Case studies represent a form of problem-based learning that engages students in realistic scenarios to achieve a deeper understanding of concepts. Case studies have been shown to facilitate the learning…

The Multiple-choice (MC) item format is commonly used in educational assessments due to its economy and effectiveness across a variety of content domains. However, numerous studies have examined the quality of MC items in high-stakes and higher-education assessments and found many flawed items, especially in terms of distractors. These faulty…

This study aims to determine the roles of teachers and the problems found when using MALL-based strategies in SMK Negeri 1 Denpasar during Emergency Remote Teaching. This study is a mixed-method design. The respondents were 8 English teachers. There are three instruments used in this study namely, questionnaires, observation sheet and interview…

The effects of question or task complexity on second language speaking have traditionally been investigated using complexity, accuracy, and fluency measures. Response processes in speaking tests, however, may manifest in other ways, such as through nonverbal behavior. Eye behavior, in the form of averted gaze or blinking frequency, has been found…

The role of context in cloze tests has long been seen as both a benefit as well as a complication in their usefulness as a measure of second language comprehension (Brown, 2013). Passage cohesion, in particular, would seem to have a relevant and important effect on the degree to which cloze items function and the interpretability of performances…

By infusing lessons with content that is relevant to students' lives, inspires their curiosity, and fires up their intellect, teachers can use hip-hop education to help students better take in information and think critically about concepts, inside and outside the classroom. This must-have resource: (1) Presents the what, why, and how of using…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the sources of Chinese learning anxiety among Chinese learners in Vietnam and the strategies and methods used to cope with anxiety. Based on the findings, we suggest effective strategies to relieve learners' learning anxiety caused by different anxiety-inducing situations. The results of this study…

The present quantitatively-driven mixed methods study aimed at exploring the effect of musical input as a mode on intermediate L2 learners' knowledge and retention of difficult words. The data were collected in two phases. In the experimental phase, quantitative data were collected from 40 learners. An innovative method was used for the purpose of…

Cognitively demanding tasks provide important opportunities for students to develop an understanding of mathematics; however, they are challenging to launch and implement. The authors designed a secondary methods unit on launching tasks. Participants in the study were enrolled in five different methods courses. Using a noticing framework, findings…

This study was conducted with a total of 158 students from 6th, 7th and 8th grades in two different secondary schools located in Siirt in the academic year of 2020-2021 to examine students' anxiety about the science lesson in terms of various variables and to determine the reasons for science anxiety. The study was conducted on the basis of a…