This booklet describes in general terms the various federal and state laws, rules, and regulations about which Oregon teachers must knowledgeable. Knowledge of laws prohibiting discrimination is required by Oregon Revised Statute 342.123. The Teacher Standards and Practices Commission permits applicants for licensure to demonstrate knowledge of…

Professional school counselors are required by law and/or regulation in every state to obtain a state-issued credential in order to be employed in public schools. In some states, this credential is called "certification"; others term it "licensure" or "endorsement." This guide provides two charts and information…

Among the exceptional children for whom special educational facilities are essential are those who must spend weeks or months or years in a hospital or a sanatorium. Many of these children, while undergoing physical treatment, can very profitably engage in school work. Comparatively little has been written about this phase of educational activity,…

This bulletin presents a summary of the laws relating to education enacted by the following legislative sessions: 1910: Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Rhode Island, South Carolina, and Virginia; 1911: Alabama, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia,…

Legal questions relating to secondary education continue to be prolific. Two influences principally affect this situation, namely: (1) the dynamic and progressive nature of education; and (2) vague and chaotic conditions of laws affecting secondary schools. With respect to the first of these influences, no valid objections or modifications have…

Examines recent legal and programmatic changes in the education of the handicapped in Massachusetts. Highlights State standards in the areas of program delivery, identification and placement, and the use of individual educational plans. Raises issues of validation and possible inequity. (FMW)

Traces the historical development of the conflict between state sovereignty and the role of the federal government. State sovereignty, supposedly guaranteed by the 10th Amendment, has been seriously eroded by the federal government's extension of the commerce clause. Briefly discusses seminal cases in this development. (MJP)

Maintains that intergovernmental relations are dynamic because local, state, and federal governments constantly respond to changing expectations. This interdependent relationship requires the various governments to modify their pursuit of special interests through daily bargaining. This process affects every aspect of government. (MJP)

Encapsulates several brief articles providing perspectives from the states, the 104th Congress, the Supreme Court, and the White House. Issues covered include the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act and the White House attempts to reduce the federal workforce. Authors include Hank Brown, Rita G. Koman, James L. Martin, and Joseph R. Marbach. (MJP)

The view of educational equity underlying the Kentucky Education Reform Act (KERA) is apparent in the Kentucky primary education program. In addition to race, class, and gender equity concerns, the KERA primary program encompasses equity for gifted and special needs learners and teacher education for equity. (SLD)

State exit exams, also known as graduation tests, are tests that student must pass to graduate from high school. These tests are more influential than ever. Accordingly, in 2004, 20 states required students to pass an exit exam to graduate from high school, and six additional states will implement an exit exam by 2009. This affects more than half…

In 1993, the Ohio General Assembly established nine service expectations for the state's two-year colleges and regional campuses to ensure a consistent level of quality regardless of organization or administrative structure. Additionally, the state Board of Regents established an Advisory Committee on Two-Year Service Expectations to identify a…

This paper outlines and explains legal issues related to race-based affirmative action, which is defined as race-conscious action designed to overcome manifest racial imbalance. The paper highlights the history of affirmative action and its following objectives: (1) to overcome the effects of past discrimination; (2) to ensure against future…

This paper reports the findings and recommendations of a task force of the Virginia Department for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing (VDDHH) on current trends in the education of students who are deaf or hard of hearing (including deaf-blind students) and the implications of a proposed Deaf Child's Bill of Rights. The task force reviewed the literature…

This paper presents an examination of case law on faculty tenure and promotion as they are affected by institutional financial exigency and an examination of case law on personnel and faculty evaluation. An opening section reviews growing demands for accountability in higher education including legislatively mandated assessment of faculty and of…