An examination of the transformations that the concept of genius undergoes when viewed through the apparently incommensurable expressivistic and social views of composing helps to reconcile phenomenologically objective descriptions of composing with value-laden descriptions of the self in the act of writing. When the description of composition is…

To examine the ways in which participation in the Iowa Writing Project influenced secondary English language arts teachers, a study surveyed and interviewed teachers who participated in the 1982 and 1985 Iowa Writing Project about their beliefs and practices concerning writing instruction. In addition, case studies and over 70 hours of classroom…

Journalistic practice in the United States has gone through a number of changes in recent history, much of it because of television. The significance of these changes might be better understood with a theory on the social function of news and its relationship to the postmodern culture. News is considered in some way as the ground material of…

Cognitive mapping is used in this paper to develop a schemata which represents the knowledge domain or research and theory structure of the field of instructional technology (IST). Using the technique defined by Diekhoff and Diekhoff (1982), the primary set of concepts in instructional technology research were compared for similarity with all of…

Intended for those who want to teach composition primarily and centrally and not just as an adjunct to the study of literature, this book about the composing process provides continuing opportunities to put theory into practice. It consists of the following chapters: (1) "The Composing Process Is a Continuum"; (2) "Observing; Observing Your…

Issues for policymakers at the national and local authority levels concerning teacher appraisal are discussed, from the perspective of a local educational agency advisor in London, England. Teacher appraisal is one of the ways in which the plurality characterizing the English and Welsh education systems is being replaced by a national system. At…

The use of personal administrative experiences as bases for thinking about and effecting curricular reform in educational administration is discussed. The purposeful application of individual past experiences is valuable to the reform effort in that it taps a vital resource of individual knowledge and suggests a way of bridging the chasm between…

Despite the scope and accessibility of the current knowledge base in teaching, teachers rarely refer to research findings as a primary information source to guide their practice. If teacher education is to survive the onslaught of politically inspired alternative certification routes now operating in 20 states, it is critical that teacher…

According to John Friedmann, planning is meant to mediate knowledge and action, providing a conceptual and operational linkage between a certain body of knowledge and a certain set of activities in the policy-making domain. This linkage articulates the knowledge needs of action and informs knowledge by translating and processing pertinent insights…

The review describes the advance organizer technique and reviews the empirical evidence on the effectiveness of advance organizers with both normal students and students classified as handicapped. Examples of advance organizers include the expository advance organizer, the comparative advance organizer, the graphic advance organizer, and…

The function of basic writing in the university is to teach students whose language practices are most distant from prestige forms to use language in ways which will enable their advancement in college and in the world outside. In composition studies, the awareness that the intelligent activity of students can produce apparently…

A study explored whether public relations practitioners in one-way environments (press agentry/publicity and public information) and in two-way environments (asymmetric and symmetric) have different general attitudes toward research and whether they use social science techniques differently. A mail survey of 200 randomly chosen public relations…

Despite their impact on literary criticism, contemporary theories of reader response and deconstruction seem to have had little effect on the practice of teaching literature, and most teachers of introductory literature courses remain vague about what these "new" theories are and how they can be used. Proponents of some of these theories…

Existing schooling structures cannot produce the changes necessary for substantial educational improvement. Although school-site management literature offers no procedural recipes, experience suggests that a certain configuration of concepts, processes, and enabling conditions can produce substantial and sustained school improvement. This paper…

The theory of action research is discussed in terms of how second-order action research can help theorists to clarify and deepen their understanding of action research. After a brief introduction, the paper examines methodological criteria governing a piece of action research conducted at an action research training workshop sponsored by the…