Most clinical training programs attempt to produce psychologists who are both skilled research scientists and practitioners. This scientist-practitioner or Boulder Model, named for the 1950 conference on clinical psychology held in Boulder, Colorado, has been the subject of much scholarly debate. A study was undertaken to examine the career goals…

Acceptance of a paradigm in the scientific community depends upon persuasion, upon the supplying of "good reasons" for supporting one paradigm over another. When one paradigm gains long-term acceptance and becomes the standard for scientific thought, scientists defer to such an authority in their thinking, and such established paradigms…

This document, in the form of a scripted conversation, represents the ongoing discussions of a group of teacher educators meeting regularly as a curriculum study group. One of several themes emerging from the conversations was that it is essential that the world-views of teachers be recognized, appreciated, and privileged. Serving as a core of…

An examination of approaches to teaching writing and how they relate to tests may help writing teachers discover some ways of improving students' scores on writing tests. George Hillocks in "Research on Written Composition," describes four instructional approaches: presentational, natural process, environmental, and individualized. The…

A discussion is presented on the lack of fit between educational research and educational practice. It is pointed out that traditional research is likely to be particularly inaccessible to female practitioners who may feel more aliented by and excluded from the world of research than their male colleagues. Teachers need to participate actively in…

One composition teacher's experiences with the pluralistic student body of a two-year college led him to question the value of higher education, in particular writing and literature. Most current literature teachers were trained in the principles and methods of New Criticism, and most have found that these approaches are not adequate for their…

Focusing particularly on communication as a discipline, this paper is a review and synthesis of literature about scholarly communication in the social sciences. Drawing from literature about ferment in the communication discipline, from information science, the sociology of knowledge, and the philosophy of social science, the paper argues that…

Traditionally, educational technologists have not been concerned with social or philosophical questions, and the field does not have a basic educational philosophy. Instead, it is dominated by a viewpoint characterized as "technical rationality" or "technicism"; the most important assumption of this viewpoint is that science…

This paper describes prominent cognitive psychology techniques and considers the extent to which these techniques are being used in instructional research studies reported in publications of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT). Four techniques from cognitive psychology are described: secondary task techniques,…

When researcher and teacher are united in a common goal of increased understanding, it is a mutally dependent and mutually beneficial endeavour. This paper reports on the methodology used in a recent classroom investigation of teachers' expressed beliefs in which each of the two participating teachers was engaged as co-researcher involved in the…

The best evidence available today shows that children who are taught phonics get off to a better start than those who are not taught phonics. Research indicates that children should learn phonics early, that children should be taught only the most important and regular of letter-to-sound relationships, and that children should read words within…

This chapter presents Hutchinson's Metamethodology, which is a methodology for building methodologies. The methodology is composed of a set of rules and procedures that, when followed and applied to any problem area, will result in a systematic set of procedures for dealing with that problem area. The following major processes of the methodology…

This book explores the implications and consequences, both theoretically and practically, of four propositions: (1) discourse is produced in context; (2) discourse is primarily a reaction to a precedent action; (3) social interactions in which language is used to construct reality are performed in a variety of roles; and (4) the features of…

The primary goal of special educators must always be to optimize the instruction given to low-performing students. The amount of teacher-directed instruction that low-performing students receive is directly related to their achievement. To maximize the amount of teacher-directed instruction, small and large group instruction is recommended.…

Intended to review the recent professional developments in public relations as they are documented in the literature and to explore the implications of these developments for public relations education in Canada at the university level, this thesis is in six chapters, as follows: (1) Introduction; (2) Defining Public Relations; (3) Current Public…