This paper proposes a view of the communication/cognitive psychology relationship which attempts to reclaim the concept of "communication" as being fundamental to the understanding of communication phenomena and thus to the discipline of communication studies. This view is presented in the paper as an alternative to a view which conceptualizes…

Several theorists have categorized distance education as an industrial process. Most institutional research can be seen as contributing to this process. This is especially true in the following areas: market research, organization and methods studies, quality control research, the research activities that are components of management information…

This book uses General Systems Theory to unify approaches to career development. Part 1 presents a review of existing theoretical literature. Chapter 1 discusses overall content and structure of the existing state of career theory. Chapters 2-4 introduce theories focusing on content; on the process of career development; and on content and…

This sourcebook is intended to serve as a forum for providing comprehensive and current information on leadership resources for use by human-resource development professionals, corporate trainers and consultants, educators, student activity directors, and others. Ten sections contain descriptions of reading material, instruments, exercises, videos…

Human-service experts have addressed the complex social-service needs of children and families by creating increasingly diverse community-based programs. To assist human-service-program professionals in their efforts, this report explores some new tools for program planning and evaluation that combine results-based accountability systems and a…

As interest in school-based management grows and the number of efforts increases, the gap between the strategy's potential and its realization is being explored. Although school-based management may stimulate a redistribution of informal power or influence, there is little evidence that significant, long-lasting, or widespread changes are…

On the continuum along which theories of first and second language acquisition are located, the two extremes represent the classic controversy of nature (nativist) vs. nurture (environmentalist), while those in the middle view language acquisition as a result of a more or less balanced interaction between innate capacities and linguistic…

This book provides material and ideas for bringing metaphorical thinking into the classroom in the context of language discussions. It is organized to link the conceptual with the concrete, integrating teaching ideas with discussions concerning the various roles that metaphorical thinking plays in human understanding and communications. The book's…

This literature review examines studies in the field of metacognition and reading comprehension on the elementary level. It discusses sources in the areas of metacognitive theory, field experimentation, and specific learning and teaching strategies which have emerged from experimentation. The 25 sources are taken from published journals and ERIC…

The process of how innovations develop from ideas and as responses to needs within a middle-school setting is the focus of this study. The dynamics of influence and leadership behavior that contribute to two schoolwide innovations are examined. The study findings highlight the importance of strategic thinking and of the creation of integrating…

Despite the paradigm shift from product to process-centered writing theory, the reality is that students still are offered few options and teachers continue to expect set forms of writing. What continues to count is the end product, usually an academic essay demonstrating all the virtues of mainstream literacy. To explore this charge, a survey was…

This paper addresses whether theoretical skills, meaning skills in evaluating and improving existing theories and in creating new theories, should be taught in psychology programs. Three questions are posed: (1) Should theoretical skills be taught at all?; (2) How are theoretical skills best taught?; and (3) Which theoretical skills should be…

A review of research on the effects of whole language suggests that no one approach to teaching reading is distinctly better in all situations and respects than other methods. The whole language approach has been described as a "top-down" theory of reading which emphasizes the importance of teaching language as a whole entity as…

That writing promotes learning hardly needs demonstration, despite the fact that actual empirical studies on the premise have been inconclusive. What would further the effectiveness of writing across the curriculum programs is not more empirical studies but rather an assessment of the practices and exercises that further writing as a learning…

As Americans strive to reform and restructure schools and design programs that prepare young people for a new century, education policy and practice must be guided by the best that is known about education and all areas of inquiry related to learning, schooling, and young people. The academy suggests ways in which the organization and character of…