The use of peer group critiquing in the writing classroom is based on the position that when the teacher is no longer viewed as the sole authority, learning becomes a collaborative endeavor. Yet peer groups are often marked more by inhibition and constraint than by collaboration, with students resisting both giving and receiving critiques. The…

This 81-item annotated bibliography offers a survey of materials available on listening in educational, business, and relationship contexts. The bibliography includes books, journal articles, textbooks and instructional materials, and assessment instruments dating from 1971 to 1989. Not included in the bibliography are texts in speech…

Due to the need for nurses to use nursing theories in nursing practice, a theory based nursing process for wellness promotion was applied to an individual in a study. The objectives of the study were to: describe the Roy Adaptation Model for the nursing process; utilize the model for organizing and analyzing assessment data; collect psychosocial,…

A persistent problem for instructional designers has been deciding exactly what to do. To be of value in the development process, an instructional design needs to be developed with consideration of the kinds of objectives to be achieved, the specific activities used to teach the objectives, and the order or sequence in which the learning…

The context of the emergence of action research is explored historically and comparatively. The primary focus is a description of the development of action research in the middle part of this century in the United States. Certain assumptions, intentions, and practices of educational action research as they emerged in the early stages of…

Effective instructional approaches for dealing with stage fright can be developed by examining A. H. Buss's theory of audience anxiety. Buss argues that audience anxiety correlates with feelings of self-consciousness, characteristics of the audience, and the novelty of the speaking role. From his perspective, the experience of anxiety is divided…

Intended for teachers, this monograph encourages readers to consider the notion that thinking critically is a matter of reading signs, that it is the function of signs that makes reflective thinking possible. The book contains the following chapters: (1) "Beyond a Literal Reading"; (2) "Current Thinking on Critical Thinking";…

In this paper, action research is examined as a quintessential example of the relocation of the study of teaching from laboratory to classroom. Selected problematics in its practice, including the aims of inquiry, the nature of collaboration, and the anticipated audience for its outcomes are defined as inevitable challenges to be confronted.…

This book contains 28 essays that form the core of an advanced course in the theoretical backgrounds of literacy. The book contains the following articles: "The Consequences of Literacy" (Jack Goody and Ian Watt); "Some Psychodynamics of Orality" (Walter Ong); "Implications of Literacy in Traditional China and India"…

The ultimate goal of instructional supervisors is to improve instruction by working with teachers and planning, organizing, and evaluating the curricula. A literature review indicates that in reality instructional supervisors are apt to spend most of their time on routine school maintenance functions. The inconsistency between job descriptions and…

This monograph discusses the relationship between theory and practice in teaching, suggesting that the two concepts are falsely and erroneously separated and exploring what an alternative conceptualization might look like in teaching. The first section considers the critical notion of teaching and includes discussion of the concepts of conception…

Describes schema theory, then explores the machine metaphor implicit in schema-theoretic accounts of reading. (FL)

Briefly discusses programs designed and developed by Junior Achievement, focusing on the Applied Economics program, in which economic theory instruction is combined with practical usage. (AEM)

Applies H. P. Grice's theory of conversation (the Cooperative Principle, and the Maxims of Quality, Quantity, Relation and Manner) to a method of teaching revision. Explains that viewing writing as a cooperative transaction improves students' sense of audience, purpose, and diction. Analyzes a student draft via this method. (JG)

Discusses several recent contributions to reading research and concludes that before changing teaching methods and programs, educators need to consider ends, decide what the ideal is, and develop criteria to achieve that ideal. (FL)