Discusses themes in theoretical development of cognitive psychotherapies since 1950s inception: differentiation of rationalist and constructivist therapies and metatheories of knowing; acknowledgment of social, biological, and embodiment processes in therapy; recognition of unconscious processes; self-organizing and self-protective processes in…

Reviews Caplan's "Theory and Practice of Mental Health Consultation" (1970), considered classic seminal work in field of consultation. Presents Caplan's general definition of consultation and general principles or procedures of consultation. Describes each of Caplan's four models of consultation and compares models in terms of professional role of…

Problems with nursing theory include a gap between theory and practice, theory as ideology, theory's inability to reflect reality, and theory as a limiting force. Models of diversity may make theory a more useful tool. (SK)

Furthers an understanding of university planning and suggests improvements in university planning practice, drawing on conceptual distinctions derived from planning literature and comparing three case studies employing these distinctions. By combining and extending the various planning models and testing them through case studies, one might…

Suggests six ways to help educators keep the door open to conversation and professional growth. (MG)

Discusses the many different taxonomies of nursing diagnosis and how it can be brought out of the theory into practical application. Explains five steps of nursing diagnosis: assessment, formulation, expected outcomes, individualized interventions, and evaluation. (JOW)

Focuses on the issue of generalizability of laboratory studies. Explores the utility of both laboratory and field studies. Maintains that many laboratory studies can have meaningful applied value to managers in spite of their extreme artificiality. Offers a rationale for each approach and criteria for assessing them. (SR)

Responds to an article in the same issue of this journal which defends the applied value of laboratory studies to managers. Agrees that external validity is often irrelevant, and maintains that the problem of making inferences from any subject sample in management communication is one that demands internal, not external, validity. (SR)

Responds to previous article by Strong on theory-driven science and naive empiricism in counseling psychology. Contrasts theory-driven science with discovery-oriented science, seeing two as complementary. Contends that findings from discovery-oriented research must eventually be placed in theoretical context to have optimum impact. Questions some…

Responds to previous article by Strong on theory-driven science and naive empiricism in counseling psychology. Questions distinction Strong makes between theory-driven science and naive empiricism. Argues that more relevant debate is between qualitative and quantitative approaches to counseling research. Presents some differences between the two…

Replies to responses to article on theory-driven science and naive empiricism in counseling psychology. Notes that cycle of scientific work entails both context of testing and of discovery. Sees work in context of discovery receiving little emphasis in scientific training. Sees differences in approaches to discovery related to subjectivism versus…

Focuses on boundaries clinicians draw between ethical and clinical responses in their work. Focuses particularly on psychodynamic practice in presenting three clinical vignettes. Vignettes highlight worker responses to one client's stealing and feelings of entitlement about it, another client's racism, and another's sexual abuse by previous…

Argues that social work has been more devoted to self-determination than to social justice. Proposes that implementation of social justice requires commitment to policy practice. Reviews literature to identify methods of policy practice: legislative advocacy, reform through litigation, social action, and social policy analysis. Analyzes each…

Notes that invitational theory presents the concept of invitations as related to five factors: people, places, policies, programs, and processes. Proposes addition of a sixth "P," politics. Assumption is made that, without addressing the political aspects of schools and school systems, success of the invitational model with the other…

Notes that one criticism of invitational theory is that it does not address itself to difficult situations. Refutes this criticism by first reviewing the basic assumptions of invitational theory and then explaining how the theory can be used to handle conflicts, both minor and major, that occur in one's personal and profession life. (NB)