Early Americans were credited with holding the Protestant work ethic, a set of work-related beliefs involving the traits of industriousness, individualism, ascetism, community involvement, and an overall valuing of work as the most worthwhile way to spend one's time. The American work ethic today is not the same as it was in early America. In…

The interdependence of home and work lives is especially salient among women workers as a result of their greater family responsibilities. To examine the relationship between occupational status, marital status, and number of children among working women, a telephone survey of 1,232 Los Angeles adults (827 females, 405 males) was conducted. An…

A disproportionate share of the U.S. elderly population lives in nonmetro areas and has substantially more poverty than the metro elderly population. The nonmetro elderly's poverty rate was 21% in 1980 versus 13% for metro elderly, while median incomes were $4,111 versus $5,003. Lower personal incomes of the nonmetro elderly, regression analysis…

A study examined communication patterns based on sex differences and status in the organization, specifically analyzing managerial behavior on one aspect--messages of control and instruction giving--of superior-subordinate communication in the corporate setting. Subjects, 24 first-line managers, 12 males and 12 females, recruited from five large…

This study sought to replicate a 1984 Vermont study on the work status of handicapped youth, using data from 415 mildly and moderately handicapped students who graduated high school in 1985 in Delaware with either a diploma or a certificate. The study also sought to expand the Vermont design to include a broader range of factors relating…

This study on women in municipal management examines their personal agendas, the barriers they encounter as individual professionals, their career opportunities, the credentialing requirements they face, and the skills they perceive as necessary for their effective performance and career advancement. Data were collected through survey research,…

After a brief increase, joblessness remained near five percent as energy-related layoffs were accompanied by a halt in growth of the labor force. (Author)

Analysis of employment data during the four-month energy crisis shows slowdown in employment differed markedly from other recent slowdowns. (Author)

An October 1972 Bureau of Labor Statistics survey of college graduates of 1972 indicated that approximately 90 percent of bachelor degree graduates had found jobs; however 40 percent were in jobs not directly related to their field. It also examines methods used by new graduates in locating their first job. (EA)

A study was conducted in the New York State Library (NYSL) during 1 week in October 1981 to determine characteristics of traffic rates, user intent, and user status of visitors. Visitors were counted and recorded at 15-minute intervals and a sampling of visitors was administered surveys on leaving the main portion of NYSL through the single public…

Occupations with higher proportions of women are often thought to be less difficult jobs. The importance of specific socioeconomic factors, e.g., gender, race, age, income, and prestige, is assessed through judgment of the ability, luck, effort, and task difficulty necessary for each occupation. To examine conceptions of various occupations within…

This work summarizes statistics from previous reports on native Hawaiians done for the four counties in Hawaii. The data provided were extracted from the Office of Economic Opportunity's 1975 Census Update Surveys of Oahu, Hawaii, and Maui and from the 1974 Kauai Socio-Economic Profile done by the Center for Non-Metropolitan Studies of the…

Research suggests that higher level jobs are more likely to contain the essential job characteristics needed to cue achievement motives in high achievement workers. A comparison of university administrators and maintenance workers confirmed that the higher the level of the occupation, the higher the morale of the worker. However, no significant…

A study was conducted to examine the ways individuals in organizations interpreted and responded to ambiguous messages. Using Karl Weick's model of organizing, investigators measured the number of rules (criteria for taking action), the number of people, and the frequencies of message categories generated in two simulated organizations comprised…