A review of the research on developing children's referential communication ability reveals two approaches: the role-taking approach and the task-analytic approach. In the role-taking approach, researchers attempt to improve children's communication accuracy by training them to be more sensitive to listener needs. In the task-analytic approach,…

This manual is designed to serve as a teaching aid to coaches and physical educators in the field of women's aquatics. The articles cover the following subjects in the area of water sports: (1) standards in sports for girls and women; (2) women in Olympic swimming competition; (3) conditioning programs designed to attain physical fitness through…

Three nontraditional intervention strategies are examined as approaches for improving the teaching effectiveness of graduate teaching assistants (TA's) in speech communication. The approaches include the "standard-other model," which demonstrates how others display the desired behaviors; the "self-as-model," which takes advantage of…

This report describes the design, implementation and evaluation of a class on effective parenting skills that combined behavioral and communication based (client-centered and Adlerian) approaches to child rearing. Seventeen parents of elementary school age children attended the class; twelve parents attended five or more sessions. The class…

This handbook presents a number of creative drama activities that may be used by teachers to motivate and enhance student development. Included are activities for sensory awareness; spatial awareness and body movement; verbalization; pantomime, rhythm, music and poetry; storybuilding and dramatization; and characterization and improvisation. Each…

The in-service training needs of first-level employees of the state health and rehabilitative clerical staff and the development and evaluation of an in-service training model workshop were investigated. Interviews were conducted with the first- and second-level supervisors to determine the needs of the clerical staff for in-service training, to…

The family communication course at Arapahoe Community College attempts to acquaint students with the central role of communication in the maintenance and enhancement of family relationships and to equip them with knowledge that can produce a greater flexibility in their communication within their own family units. The course is built around two…

A year-long study of 28 third-grade teachers yielded extensive data describing their classroom management practices. The seven most effective and the seven least effective teachers were compared to determine what dimensions of mangement discriminated between them. Teachers who qualified as "better managers" had a firm preconceived notion of…

This book is prepared for school counselors, kindergarten through high school. Most ideas can be applied to elementary, middle or high school counselors, although some have specific age levels. The ideas are designed to suggest ways to become a "real" counselor in a school setting. Chapters include developing a counselor's self-image in all areas…

The development of a probabilistic model for validating Gange's learning hierarchies is described. Learning hierarchies are defined as paired networks of intellectual tasks arranged so that a substantial amount of positive transfer occurs from tasks in a lower position to connected ones in a higher position. This probabilistic validation technique…

AN EMERGING METHODOLOGY OF PROGRAMING AVOIDS SOME OF THE UNFORTUNATE EFFECTS ON PROGRAMER BEHAVIOR PRODUCED BY INTERPRETATIONS OF TWO EARLIER METHODOLOGIES. WHILE SKINNERIAN PROGRAMING OFTEN HAS LED TO TRIVIAL PROGRAMS THROUGH PROBLEMS OF APPLICATION OF THE CRITERIA OF SPECIFIED BEHAVIORAL OBJECTIVES AND LOW ERROR RATES, CROWDERIAN PROGRAMING HAS…

Nature-oriented activities, including all indoor and outdoor experiences related to the use, understanding, or appreciation of the natural environment, are developed in this document. Topics discussed include program development and organization. Activities are outlined for nature crafts and games, outdoor living skills, projects and hobbies,…

An attempt is made to analyze the weaknesses which restrict employment opportunities for primary school leavers in Kenya, and to estimate the benefits that may acrue from a coordinated program of youth and adult education preferably under the direction of the recently established Board of Adult Education. Examined are the opportunities available…

The paper discusses development and testing of affective goals and objectives in the social studies. Affective social studies goals deal with attitudes, feelings, emotions, and values. In part I, examples of seven affective and three non-affective social studies goals are presented. Affective objectives include development of a better attitude…

This textbook on basic movement activities for children in the primary grades is divided into two sections. The first section presents methods of evaluating the physical strengths and weaknesses of individual children. The seven tests outlined and illustrated provide the teacher with the means for assessing each child's abilities and potential for…