Concerning curriculum making, it is impossible to integrate the different meanings of "curriculum" into a single formula. Read as social constructions, different conceptions reflect varying educational, social-political, and historical contexts. This paper explores how these contexts, or multiple realities, evolved historically and how…

Three major concerns affect higher education in the United States: the decline in student population with some curtailment of programs, high inflation rates with constantly rising tuition, and political pressures on public colleges and universities. These factors affect study abroad programs in several ways. Public institutions may experience less…

Literacy's functionality within Third World countries is examined in terms of the socio-economic influences of the educated minority over the rural, illiterate majority in an excerpt from an address presented at the International Symposium for Literacy, Persepolis, Iran. (LH)

This article, presented as an examination of what it means to be a son in a black family in the contemporary United States, focuses on George Jackson, specifically, the way he views himself in his books. It is argued that the situation in which Jackson found himself expressed not only his reality, but the reality of all black people. (Author/JM)

Notes that in relationship to their past culture and considering the American civilization, slavery was a disruptive force to black people. Asserts that the result of that force may still be seen today in the black family, which may reflect the powerlessness of the black man who had been stripped of all authority and humanity during two and a half…

An analysis of unemployment among black youth involves a consideration of the overall unemployment problem whereby the specific problem is resolved within the context of the larger problem. A movement for economic justice, in which black youth are seen to play an important role is urged. (Author/AM)

Provides critical reviews of three books, "The Political Economy of Social Class", "Ethnicity: Theory and Experience," and "Ethnicity in the United States," focusing on the political economy of social class and ethnicity. (Author/AM)

Discusses some of the major stances taken in the debate on linguistic deprivation. Among those discussed are the socialization of linguistic codes, deficit and social-political-economic power theories, school bias explanation, and the difference hypothesis. [Available from Publications Branch, Education Department of Victoria, 234 Queensberry…

Examines current trends in school finance reform and discusses some of the recent approaches taken by various states in modifying their educational finance schemes. Describes many of the political pressures working for and against the adoption of certain financial reforms. (JG)

Offering an overview of the Chinese experience in the field of literacy, standards, basic policies of mass education, political incentive, and language complexity are topics considered. Literacy programs, particularly the project in Tachai, are examined and evaluated. (MW)

An historical account is given of movements toward educational finance reform in Texas, culminating in the Rodriquez v. San Antonio Independent School District case and its aftermath. The role of political pressures applied by various interest groups is traced and the prospects for future reform assessed. (EH)

An overview of recent legislation in the field of educational finance reform which describes a number of similarities among the bills enacted after the Serrano decision but before the first major reversals of some of the earlier decisions. Weaknesses common to these efforts are detailed and indications of future trends are suggested. An Appendix…

Broad political and policy outlines of ten years of educational reform in West Germany are provided. (DE)

Reflecting on a visit to China, the article offers some insights into the workings and values of Chinese society and a glimpse of the part adult education plays in the process. Ideological education is a primary concern and technical and vocational training are emphasized. Politics is clearly in command. (MW)

A fundamental point of friction between the planner and the politician is the politician's need to seek immediate results and the planner's willingness to sacrifice the immediate if he can thereby enhance the long-term gain. (Author/WM)