Assesses the importance of rate-of-return (RoR) analysis for planning and policy making in higher education. Reviews methods used and discusses criticisms against RoR in relation to the screening function of education, the measurement of educational costs and benefits, and the pure effect of education on earnings. Recommends extension of RoR…

Findings of a review of 64 meta-analytic articles show that experimental data and quasi-experimental or nonexperimental data are sometimes combined incorrectly. Discusses how guidance from proponents of meta-analysis fails to make clear the importance of not synthesizing different kinds of data. (SLD)

Both community development and sustainable livelihood approaches ignore value contestations that underlie people's interests and experiences. A case from Bolivia demonstrates that local values, social relations, actions, and language strategies must underlie policy and method in development. (Contains 28 references.) (SK)

Discusses guidelines for professional practice and related policy development by the American Psychological Association's (APA) Board of Professional Affairs over the past decade, explaining that the APA policy distinguishes two types of guidelines for professional practice: treatment guidelines (providing specific recommendations about treatments…

Provides extensive information on nurse policy internships and learning opportunities and a realistic sense of what it is like to work and learn in the public policy domain. A table provides the following information on 15 fellowship programs: type, purpose, eligibility, financial data, duration, and contact for applications. (JOW)

Argues for the decriminalization of marijuana and claims this action would provide a number of policy options. Cautions that a policy of total prohibition has unattainable goals. Points to the failure of recriminalization policies of the past 10 years as the most persuasive argument for decriminalization. (KO)

Discusses the issues faced by Congress concerning the Immigration Reform and Control Act. Considers Alan Simpson's and Edward Kennedy's positions on restructuring the immigration policy to include more independent immigrants. Discusses the backlogs caused by the family preference system, particularly the preference for brothers and sisters of U.S.…

Discusses the development, dissemination, and potential use of the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) Code of Ethical Conduct. (BB)

Examines three alternatives for limiting negative fiat: (1) limiting to United States public actors; (2) limiting to proposals found in the policy literature surrounding the topic; and (3) including caveats or parameters to the resolution indicating the appropriate scope of negative counterplans. (MS)

Contends that the different loci of competition for the counterplan--that it must compete with the plan, the policy system, the values implicit within the resolution, or the entire resolution--are grounded in conflicting conceptions of the resolution. Argues for a plan focus perspective. (MS)

Examines the current fashion for tenant participation in British housing policy and draws on recent Scottish experience to speculate about the prospects for tenant participation in the future. Explores the meaning of tenant participation, the nature of the change needed to bring it about, and the prospects for such change. (JOW)

Discussion of the formulation of national information policy in eastern and southern African countries describes the UNESCO guidelines on national information policy. Case studies of efforts to formulate an information policy in Botswana, Zambia, and Tanzania are presented; issues raised by these case studies are discussed; and elements of…

Presents a critical examination of the controversy surrounding the issue of "l'orthographe," a French administrative document, published December 5, 1990, that recommends the implementation of several spelling modifications in all schools. (GLR)

Discusses the debate around advocacy. Notes that, in an information environment, persuasion serves a public interest when it assists social utility. Argues that the lack of a single common framework for deciding what is ethical and what is not ultimately influences the outcome of public policymaking and the reputation of public relations. (SR)

Argues for the survival of the federalist language formula in the European (Economic) Community through a modified, more restricted form so as to be more functional and open to the demands of worldwide communication. It is suggested that, despite its weaknesses, it more adequately reflects the mosaic-like cultural heritage of Europe. (eight…