Every student should understand and use all concepts and skills from the previous grade levels. The standard is designed so that new learning builds on preceding skills. Communications, Problem-solving, Reasoning & Proof, Connections, and Representation are the process standards that are embedded throughout the teaching and learning of all…

Hammond's Cognitive Continuum theory posits that certain task features induce distinct processing modes (e.g., intuitive or analytic) and thus result in qualitatively different decision performance. Although the theory suggests the relation between task features and performance characteristics a priori, the validity of these predictions requires…

The author illustrates many problems in which drawing graphs of functions involving absolute values assists in the solution of algebraic equations and inequalities. (SD)

The purpose of this report is to demonstrate loglinear smoothing using SAS PROC GENMOD. The results from four published examples, which include the smoothing of a) univariate distributions, b) bivariate distributions, c) distributions with teeth, and d) bivariate distributions with structural zeros, are reproduced to show the flexibility of the…

A statistical method is described and illustrated which provides confidence envelopes around item response functions. Examples of 95 percent confidence envelopes for the one-, two-, and three-parameter logistic response models are given. In addition, the authors describe N-line plots, which show the genesis of the envelope as well as the density…

One purpose for combining research studies is to estimate a population treatment effect. The internal validity of a model for how effect size estimates should be computed and combined will hinge upon the homogeneity of the effect size variation. Effect size variation may be assessed in the form of a summary fit statistic, and a direct…

This publication provides examples that illustrate how school psychologists might use graphs to improve communication of their perceptions, data, and understanding of clients' behavior to parents and students, and to other educators. The booklet is divided into two parts. Part I presents 15 graphs which were sent to school psychologists in Iowa…

Simulation studies of the performance of (potentially) robust statistical estimation produce large quantities of numbers in the form of performance indices of the various estimators under various conditions. This report presents a multivariate graphical display used to aid in the digestion of the plentiful results in a current study of Item…

The use of computational diagrams and nomographs for the calculations that frequently occur in college administration is examined. Steps in constructing a nomograph and a four-dimensional computational diagram are detailed, and uses of three- and four-dimensional diagrams are covered. Diagrams and nomographs are useful in the following cases: (1)…

THIS PORTFOLIO CONTAINS A NUMBER OF ILLUSTRATED PLATES, EACH ONE HIGHLIGHTING A SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL. AMONG THE MATERIALS COVERED ARE CHALKBOARDS, BULLETIN BOARDS, GRAPHS, MODELS, AND CHARTS. IT IS FELT THAT THESE DEVICES ENCOURAGE CREATIVE THINKING IN THE CLASSROOM. A COMPANION BIBLIOGRAPHY CALLS ATTENTION TO RELATED MATERIALS. IT IS…

The major changes taking place in the occupational and industrial structure of the labor force are highlighted by graphic illustrations of changing manpower needs. Some apparent trends are: (1) the very rapid rate of growth of the total labor force, (2) the relatively slow growth rate of the manufacturing labor force, (3) the rapid growth of the…

This bibliography presents a series of studies that focus on the topic of networks and on the manner in which they have been considered in the literature. Each section of the bibliography provides a working set of references for one of the five major areas of research in which network analysis has been used. The first section deals primarily with…

Building Research studies show that overheating because of excessive solar heat gains can be troublesome in buildings of lightweight construction with large areas of glazing. The work being done at the Building Research Station provides the data for calculation of peak temperatures resulting from solar heat gain. Attention is given to window size…

The concept of structure has become a central concern in the study of human perception, learning, memory, and recall. The purpose of this paper is to present a method for analyzing structure--the theory of directed graphs--and to review research on teaching that has employed this method to investigate input structure, memory structure, or both. To…