This paper discusses and compares bidialectalism and various types of bilingualism, and the educational considerations presented by each. Stable bilingualism can result when each language is used by most, if not all, members of the community for different purposes. In a bilingual situation, societal factors are frequently such that no agreement…

The conditions for the acquisition of communicative competence in standard English must be considered in the case of language learning by immigrants, indigenous minority language groups, and speakers of Black English. The crucial factor in language learning is the relationship between the minority group and the local society. Among immigrant…

The papers included in this volume constitute the report of a conference on bilingual education that took place in Toronto in March 1971, sponsored by the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE). An introduction to the book defines terms, presents questions and problems, and provides a summary of the current tasks established in the…

The problem of teaching standard English reading and language skills to children who speak nonstandard dialects can be facilitated through a language program that distinguishes between "everyday talk" and "school talk," while recognizing the position of both types of speech. The instructional materials must be meaningful with respect to the…

The domains of Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) are those spheres of concern involving persons who speak languages other than English or dialects of English other than the standard. This clientele has been classified traditionally in terms of programs in English as a foreign language, English as a second language, English…

This book aims to provide practical, research-informed answers to the questions most frequently asked by teachers of second language learners. Every question targets one of the key instructional issues teachers must address to ensure success for their second language students. Included among the questions are: How do I assess a student's English?…

Discussions in speech and language pathology often contain references to language differences and the ways these differences compare with speech and language disorders. There is ongoing research on the regional varieties of English, and within the past decade, information on social and ethnic variation in language has been accumulating. Based on…

This volume on the language education of minority children is divided into three sections: (1) Multilingualism in the United States, (2) Bilingualism and Bilingual Education, and (3) Language Education in Practice. Following an introductory essay, "The Language Education of Minority Children," by Bernard Spolsky, the articles in the first section…

This monograph represents a collection of reports on research into various aspects of linguistic attitudes, particularly attitudes that teachers may hold toward children of different ethnic and social status groups. Two research projects are discussed, the Chicago research and the Texas research. The Chicago study was designed to answer two…

A renovation of the English curriculum in Hartford's secondary schools is in progress, focusing on an analysis and synthesis of two elements comprising the legitimate concerns of English--that which deals with language itself (i.e., spelling and grammar), and that which involves language activities (i.e., reading and composition). Geared to slow…

This guide, designed for use by kindergarten teachers, to teach Spanish to speakers of other languages and to teach standard Spanish to speakers of non-standard Spanish, contains 136 half hour lessons, covering the school year. The completely oral program presents a structured sequence of language learning experiences geared to the children's…

The first part of this study explored the form of verbal exchanges in the classroom, the effects of various conditions upon the exchanges between child and adult, and the child's competence in producing questions and narratives. Research was carried out in two first-grade classrooms located in a predominately Hawaiian working-class suburb of…

This handbook is a guide to a compensatory language program designed for young, Australian, aboriginal children during their first year at school. It is the result of recent research which shows that reading retardation characteristic of aboriginal children may well be associated with the fact that their linguistic system differs from that in the…

An awareness of the culture and social structure of the lower class Black American community is crucial for understanding "Black English," and therefore is vital for those engaged in educating Black Americans. An in-group means of communication and expression of group solidarity, Black English does not however represent a single code, but rather,…

The following articles are included in this anthology on Chicano speech: (1) "Mexican Spanish," D.N. Cardenas; (2) "The Archaic and the Modern in the Spanish of New Mexico," J. Ornstein; (3) "Problemas Lexicograficos del Espanol del Sudoeste," A.M. Espinosa, Jr.; (4) "Associative Interference in New Mexican Spanish," J.B. Rael; (5) "Some Aspects…