Academic expectations play a significant role in the quality of student adaptation and academic success. Previous research suggests that expectations are a multidimensional construct, making it crucial to test the measures used for this important characteristic. Because assessment of student adaptation to higher education comprises a multitude of…

A vast literature investigates academic disengagement among students, including its ultimate manifestation, dropping out of school. Research also shows that test disengagement can be a problem for many inferences educators and policymakers wish to draw from test scores. However, few studies consider whether academic and test disengagement are…

Imagination is the ability of envisaging something that does not exist at the time being. Since 5-6-year-old children get through the pre-operational stage of Piaget's [2004. "Çocukta Zihinsel Gelisim" [Intellectual Development of Child] (2nd ed., H. Portakal, Trans.). Istanbul: Cem], they believe in empirical facts. Hence, Kujawski's…

The aim of this study is to develop a diagnostic scale to measure the influence of digital dependency, which has swiftly been a part of today's standards of living, on individuals in quite a tangible way and to carry out a validity-reliability study on this scale. The sample group of the scale consists of 450 university students (264 female and…

In this study, it was aimed to develop a valid and reliable social network addiction scale for adolescents and young adults. In the Exploratory Factor Analysis of the scale, the application was conducted to 425 high school students between 14-17 years of age and 310 young adults between 18-43 years of age. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was…

Purpose and background: The purpose of this paper is to critically review the traditional and contemporary validation frameworks--the content, criterion, and construct validations; the evidence-gathering; the socio-cognitive model; the test usefulness; and an argument-based approach--as well as empirical studies using an argument-based approach to…

Ofqual has contracted the National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) to develop, administer and analyse the National Reference Test (NRT) in English and maths. This report represents an overview of the findings of the 2019 testing process. In February/March 2019 a random sample of around 13,000 year 11 students from over 300 schools took…

This study explored the impact of homogeneity of answer choices on item difficulty and discrimination. Twenty-two matched pairs of elementary and secondary mathematics items were administered to randomly equivalent samples of students. Each item pair comparison was treated as a separate study with the set of effect sizes analyzed using…

In this study, a scale was developed to determine the levels of insight held by nonclinical university students. During the development process, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and reliability analyses were conducted. The results of analyses show that the scale is suitable to identify the insight levels of nonclinical university…

One of the proposed uses of cognitive diagnostic assessments is to classify the examinees as either masters or nonmasters on each of a number of skills being assessed. As with any test, it is important to report the quality of these binary classifications with measures of their reliability. Cui et al. and Wang et al. have suggested reliability…

Over the last two decades, the educational use of digital devices, including digital assessments, has become a regular feature of teaching in primary education in the Netherlands. However, researchers have not reached a consensus about the so-called "mode effect," which refers to the possible impact of using computer-based tests (CBT)…

Assessment is a useful process as it provides various stakeholders (e.g., teachers, parents, government, employers) with information about students' competence in a particular subject area. However, for the information generated by assessment to be useful, it needs to support valid inferences. One factor that can undermine the validity of…

Data from 403 third graders were analyzed to determine relative and combined efficacy of group-administered Curriculum-Based Measures (CBMs) and Teacher Rankings of student reading and math performance taken early in the school year to predict end-of-year achievement scores. Teacher Rankings added to the power of CBMs to predict reading (R2 change…

Although there are questions concerning the extent of the problems facing rural Americans, there is considerable evidence that many nonmetropolitan communities are facing a multitude of serious challenges. These issues do not exist as distinct and unrelated problems. For instance, one cannot focus exclusively on depopulation without also…

There is a need for cancer-specific tools to evaluate loneliness and cancer-related negative social expectations before developing interventions for cancer patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Cancer Loneliness and the Cancer-related Negative Social Expectations Scale. Data were collected from 300…