Two experiments were conducted to determine how initial task experiences of success and failure combine with observation of task outcomes in same-age, same-sex peers to affect the achievement expectations of second and third graders. The first experiment involved lower class urban Black children; the second involved middle class rural White…

Comparison of never pregnant teenagers, adolescent and older mothers was undertaken to determine differences on (1) an overall infant development test, (2) a developmental infant abilities test, and (3) first and second year infant abilities test. Findings are discussed in terms of differences in social class and parent child interaction styles.…

Willis's ethnographic study "Learning to Labour" affirmed the education system as a site of the transmission of class inequality and showed that this transmission is not the result of mechanistic social reproduction but rather of cultural processes within schools. The study and Willis's thoughts on the subject since the study was…

Longitudinally investigated possible continuities between parents' and teachers' reports of problem behavior of 535 children three to eight years old and whether early language development was related to later behavioral deviance. Along with demographic differences, results showed early language structure and behavior problems at age three were…

Discusses some of the broader cultural influences that precede (and go beyond) ethnic influences in children's behaviors and attitudes and teachers' interpretations of them. Those influences that affect students' as well as teachers' behaviors and attitudes include perpetuation of the conflicting values of individualism and cooperation, locale,…

A study on the political consciousness of family groups in Warsaw confirms that current political events may be an important agent of political socialization. The rise of Solidarity and other events of 1980-81 influenced, in different ways, the perception of social differentiations among teenagers and their parents. (Author/CS)

Suggests how parents can assess a school's effectiveness by examining criterion referenced standardized achievement test results. Discusses (1) which test results will be used, (2) how the data should be analyzed, and (3) into what groups students should be separated to compare test results. (GC)

Evaluates fourth-to seventh-grade children on two aspects of social cognition: interpersonal understanding and means-ends problem-solving ability. Relates the two variables to sex, age, IQ, social class, and multiple dimensions of competence. Both variables significantly correlated with I.Q. while interpersonal understanding also correlated with…

Major findings were (1) White subjects and males in this investigation were reared in an ideologically nondirectional situation, making them relativistic in their moral judgments; (2) Black subjects and females followed a directional process resulting in a moral realistic orientation; and (3) socioeconomic factors did not bear strongly on the type…

The relationship between career maturity and self-concepts of 252 sixth-grade black males was investigated. Results indicated relatively weak-positive relationships between career maturity and self-concepts. Significant career maturity differences were found. However, self-concepts of the three groups were not statistically significantly…

Michael Allen focuses on the personal and social issues (antisocial behavior, peer pressure, sex, special education, and lack of parent involvement) that students bring to school each day. He examines how administrators and teachers can wade through the psycho/social dysfunction in order to give their students the survival skills they need to be…

This is an exploratory study of the reactions that 65 European American preservice teachers had to the community service learning (CSL) component of a multicultural education course. The CSL project was intended to facilitate the development of intercultural competence and to foster the idea of teachers as agents of social justice. Data analysis…

Analyzes information obtained from teachers relating to the incidence of behavior problems in a sample of children in their first year in the infant school. (WY)

Article describes how teacher role conflict, due to conflicting social attitudes of student and teacher, is one of the basic causes of the current problems in urban classrooms. (Author/MM)

In seven articles debating the Paideia Proposal, the authors provide an organization of a program for "basic schooling" that, Mortimer Adler argues, will prepare students for citizenship in a democratic society, encourage lifelong learning and personal development, and provide the skills necessary to earn a living. (SSH)