Grades are ubiquitous in schools and have significant consequences in students' lives. Over a century of research has reported variability in teachers' grade compositions and grading practices. Although measurement experts have advocated for grades to represent student achievement alone, teachers continue to include nonachievement factors, such as…

Picture books are a common staple of children's reading diet. The role of pictures in reading acquisition, however, remains a topic of considerable controversy. To examine the effect of pictures on second graders' (N=40) oral reading behavior and comprehension, this study used a 2 (picture condition) x 2 (genre) x 3 (reading ability) mixed ANOVA…

The current study examined the contexts in which a preschool teacher professional development intervention was more versus less effective in improving student outcomes. We used a fixed intercept, random coefficient (FIRC) modeling approach to explore the contextual characteristics inside and outside school walls that predicted differential…

Objective: To quantify students' risk tolerance for in-person classes and willingness-to-pay for online-only instruction during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants: 46 Columbia University public health graduate students. Methods: We developed a survey tool with a "standard gamble" exercise administered online by an interactive chat bot…

The objective of this Campbell systematic review is to examine the relationship between school-based law enforcement (SBLE) presence and school-related outcomes. The past several decades has witnessed a steady growth of the presence of SBLE around the world. There is no standard definition for SBLE, nor is there a common training, job description,…

This study sought to investigate the effects of a self-monitoring (SM) with goal-setting (GS) intervention on students' disruptive behavior. A multiple baseline A-B-BC design was implemented across five elementary school-aged participants diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to examine the use of a behavioral intervention…

Mindset theory describes a context-dependent belief system on the degree that intelligence can change with effort. Students' chemistry mindsets may predict students' behavioral responses to challenges they experience within a chemistry course. This study was designed to investigate whether challenges mediate the relationship between chemistry…

The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of function-based decisions made in consideration of scores from the Intervention Selection Profile (ISP)-Function, a tool founded upon direct behavior rating methodology. The ISP-Function is designed to be a brief measure, given the need for efficient and low resource assessments in schools.…

The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of function-based decisions made in consideration of scores from the Intervention Selection Profile--Function (ISP-Function), a tool founded upon direct behavior rating (DBR) methodology. The ISP-Function is designed to be a brief measure, given the need for efficient and low-resource…

Systematic direct observations (SDOs) and behavior rating scales are integral to multimethod behavioral assessment approaches. The present study investigated the convergent validity of the Behavior Observation of Students in Schools (BOSS) form, a widely utilized SDO system, with the most frequently used teacher rating scales in schools, the…

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief, in-person training package on Functional Communication Training (FCT). The training corresponded with content presented in the AFIRM e-learning modules on FCT with modifications to suit an in-person format including the addition of modeling, practice, and feedback to enhance…

Responding to student writers and their work is a staple of composition instruction, and there are numerous guides that offer educators advice on response strategies. However, such guides are often based on untested theories or assumptions about the effectiveness of those strategies, with little data-driven evidence of whether they work as hoped…

Purpose: This research aims to look at how students feel about taking online learning (OL) while studying in higher education institutions (HEIs) using an extended technology acceptance model (TAM). The study looked into the factors that influence students' decisions to use OL, which helps meet their individual needs beyond the confines of the…

Aim/Purpose: The study aims to supplement existing knowledge of information systems by presenting empirical data on the factors influencing the intentions of doctoral students to learn through online platforms. Background: E-learning platforms have become popular among students and professionals over the past decade. However, the intentions of the…

This study evaluated the use of the Prevent-Teach-Reinforce (PTR) model as an intensive individualized behavior intervention. Three educators and three high school students with autism spectrum disorder participated in the study. A concurrent multiple baseline design across participants was used to demonstrate the outcomes. The results indicated…