Describes difficulties of learning Japanese as a second language and urges Australian educators to teach only the spoken language at the high school level. (RL)

Advocates the use of machine readable codes to accomplish romanization and promote the exchange of bibliographic data. Proposals are presented for transliteration standards, design of machine readable conversion codes, and the establishment of databases. (RAA)

This paper presents the results of research on elemental standard reading time estimates for traditional Chinese characters on computer displays and explores the factors that may affect the time estimates. Seventy-two native Chinese readers, aged 19 to 24, were asked to read 16 simple passages and then answer four multiple-choice questions.…

As Chinese characters ("hanzi") have three aspects--as a technical writing system, an aesthetic visual art (Chinese calligraphy), and a highly-charged cultural symbolic system--changing them is a complex process. In the 1950s when language planning campaigns were launched to modernise Chinese through "hanzi" standardisation,…

This paper reports the findings of a psycholinguistic study of the development of phonological awareness (PA) in Chinese children acquiring their first language and learning a foreign language at the same time. The language situation of these children in relation to PA is of particular interest because Chinese and English have not only different…

This English-Tibetan dictionary contains 16,000 main entries and subentries, a total of 45,000 lexical items. The dictionary is primarily oriented to spoken communication and was designed to be semantically sensitive, bridging the semantic gap between Tibetan and English. Tibetan terms corresponding to submeanings of English subterms are…

The history of lexicography in Vietnam is chronicled from early Chinese and missionary scholarship through the colonial period (1884-1946), the war years (1946-1954), the partition period (1954-1975), and the post-1975 period. The evolution of romanization, political-linguistic influences, native scholarship in lexicography, and dictionary types…

THIS TEXT IS A THOROUGH REVISION AND EXPANSION OF M. GARDNER TEWKSBURY'S "SPEAK CHINESE" OF 1948. THE 24 LESSONS OF THE EARLIER TEXT HAVE BEEN REGROUPED INTO 20 AND THE VOCABULARY NOW INCLUDES 850 ITEMS. WHEN USED WITH THE EXERCISES IN THE ACCOMPANYING "STUDENT'S WORKBOOK" THE TEXT IS SUITABLE FOR INTENSIVE COURSES AS WELL AS…

THIS TWO-VOLUME TEXT IS A SEQUEL TO "BEGINNING CHINESE READER" AND IS CLOSELY CORRELATED WITH "BEGINNING CHINESE" AND "ADVANCED CHINESE," ALL BY THE SAME AUTHOR. INTRODUCED IN THE 30 LESSONS ARE 400 NEW CHARACTERS, 2,500 COMPOUNDS, AND ABOUT 200,000 CHARACTERS OF RUNNING TEXT. THE CHARACTERS ARE INTRODUCED THROUGH A…

This student's dictionary of over 4,500 characters (head words) and 28,000 combinations is designed to "alleviate the shortcomings" of traditional Chinese dictionaries which follow the Radical System for character indexing. The head words are first listed according to their simplified variant as well as traditional forms, being arranged…

Chinese characters are used in both Chinese and Japanese writing systems. When literate speakers of either language experience problems in finding or understanding words, they often resort to using Chinese characters or "kanji" (i.e., Chinese characters used in Japanese writing) in their talk, a practice known as "brush talk" ("bitan" in Chinese,…

"SPOKEN MARATHI" PRESENTS THE BEGINNING STUDENT WITH THE BASIC PHONOLOGY AND STRUCTURE OF MODERN MARATHI. IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE STUDENT WILL SPEND MOST OF HIS STUDY TIME LISTENING TO AND SPEAKING THE LANGUAGE, EITHER WITH A NATIVE SPEAKER INSTRUCTOR OR WITH RECORDED MATERIALS. THIS TEXT IS DESIGNED TO PROVIDE MATERIAL FOR A ONE-YEAR…

THE DRILLS AND EXERCISES IN THIS WORKBOOK ARE CORRELATED WITH THE 20 LESSONS IN THE TEXT. TYPICAL OF THE EXERCISES INCLUDED ARE--VOCABULARY DRILLS, PATTERN DRILLS, QUESTION AND ANSWER DRILLS, AND ENGLISH TO MANDARIN TRANSLATION EXERCISES. AS IN THE TEXT, ALL MANDARIN MATERIAL IS IN YALE ROMANIZATION AND PRIMARILY AURAL-ORAL SKILLS ARE STRESSED.…

THE SECOND OF TWO VOLUMES, PART II CONTAINS LESSONS 16 TO 30 AND SHORT "SUPPLEMENTARY LESSONS ON SIMPLIFIED CHARACTERS." THESE LESSONS, WHICH FOLLOW THE SAME FORMAT AS THOSE IN PART I, ARE APPENDED BY--(1) A STROKE-ORDER CHART FOR THOSE CHARACTERS STUDENTS MIGHT FIND DIFFICULT TO WRITE, (2) THREE SUMMARY CHARTS LISTING CHARACTERS BY…

To eliminate confusion caused by diverse spellings in Italian texts of words from languages using the Cyrillic alphabet, the adoption of a common system is urged that would establish correspondence between the letters and sounds of the two languages but keep the form of the original as much as possible. (CFM)