A BOOKLET DESIGNED FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TO BE USED INDEPENDENTLY FROM AND IN ADDITION TO THE REGULAR CLASSROOM CURRICULUM IN MATHEMATICS IS PRESENTED. THE FIFTH- OR SIXTH-GRADE STUDENT IS GIVEN PRACTICE IN WORKING PROBLEMS IN SUBTRACTION AND DIVISION. SHORT CUTS AND HINTS ARE PRESENTED THROUGH EXAMPLES, SAMPLE PROBLEMS, AND ANSWERS. THE…

Explained are the rationale and procedures for determining a college student's family's ability to contribute to payment of educational costs, as structured by the Congressional Budget Office. The problems of these calculations--including difficulties in obtaining enough information about state and local taxes, and possible changes in consumption…

This experiment was conducted to determine the efficiency of three forms of an algorithm of known effectiveness and the effects of its availability following initial instruction. The dependent variable was time to solve computational problems requiring rule application. The algorithm was presented in three forms: prose, flowchart, and gradual…

This is the second in a series of documents developed by the National Training and Operational Technology Center describing operational control procedures for the activated sludge process used in wastewater treatment. This document deals exclusively with the calculation procedures, including simplified mixing formulas, aeration tank…

This is the third in a series of documents developed by the National Training and Operational Technology Center describing operational control procedures for the activated sludge process used in wastewater treatment. This document deals with the calculation procedures associated with a step-feed process. Illustrations and examples are included to…

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the use of electric calculators offered an effective remedy for the lack of success and the corresponding negative attitude of the low achiever in mathematics. Two hundred and one low achievers were randomly scheduled into one of five control sections or into one of five experimental sections.…

A diagnostic computational test given to 22 arithmetic teachers in 1930 was administered to a similar group of 35 elementary school teachers in 1973. The purpose was to compare and contrast computational errors made by the teachers. Findings revealed that 1973 teachers possess, on the average, more computational skills than the 1930 teachers. Both…

This handbook, the result of a study begun in 1968, is designed to assist the forecaster in developing an increased sensitivity to potential changes in conditions affecting enrollments. Study results indicate that school enrollment forecasting is enhanced primarily by (1) knowing the community involved thoroughly, (2) applying a standard…

The effect of the use of calculators on learning and on calculation is discussed. Also, the effects of the use of calculators in developing countries and for deprived minorities are discussed. (MP)

Two simple quantitative models were derived from a series of experiments which explored the role of information storage in working memory when performing mental arithmetic. The decay model is a tractable analysis of a complex task which assumes a decay process in working storage. Similar analyses are recommended for problem solving activities…

A program utilizing minicalculators in a mathematics class at the eighth grade level is described. The recommendation is made that the utilization of calculators not exceed one experience per week. (MN)

The changing role of computational skills is discussed. A level of computational skill desirable in light of predictable future needs is proposed, and four reasons for advocating that level are discussed. (MN)

Assumptions frequently made about learning disabled children are discussed, with many teaching suggestions provided. (MN)

Assessment data on student achievement are analyzed to trace performance on some computational skills, with areas of needed improvement identified. (MN)

A variety of student work procedures and answer patterns for whole-number computation is examined. Specific suggestions for helping students who make each type of error are offered. (MN)