To integrate many of the theoretical linguistic studies examining pronoun reference, this paper focuses on tracing the shift from purely transformational syntactic studies of intrasentential phenomena to the wider orientations of discourse and pragmatic studies. The first section describes the classic studies of pronominalization within the…

The basis for acquisition of categories in child language was investigated. The early encoding of the distinction between mass and count nouns was examined to determine whether children categorize them on the basis of semantic type or syntactic regularities. An experiment was designed in which semantic and syntactic cues were in competition:…

Argues that elementary reading materials should reflect the advanced syntax already evident in the language patterns of most youngsters. (RB)

Language samples were gathered from two children, from several weeks after the first birthday of each child to the beginning of the child's two-word period (approximately 10 months). The children were observed and videotaped every two weeks, to obtain 33 continuous minutes of tape. Analyses focused on the question of whether or not the child uses…

Second in a series of articles with the same title. This one deals specifically with verb aspect in Russian. Verbs are divided into two groups; the active and the effective. (Text is in German.) (TL)

This article points out the contrast that exists both at the morphological and syntactic levels between affirmative and negative sentences in Hindi. This contrast and the structural changes related to it are discussed with specific reference to simple and compound sentences, interrogative sentences and specific elements within sentences. (CLK)

Binary algorithmic logic may prove useful for teaching grammar, especially in the case of 'closed-system items.' (Text is in French.) Available from Instituut voor Toegepaste Linguistiek, Vesaliusstraat 2, B. 3000 Leuven, Belgium. (TL)

Available from Rompresfilatelia, PO Box 2001, 29 Calea Victoriei, Bucarest, Rumania.

Making this distinction is difficult because German here deals in prepositional phrases. More precise criteria for distinguishing may be expected from dependence grammar, and from application of the concepts of governance ("Rektion") and valence. Reference is made to experiments by J. D. Apresjan. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

Offers a new classification of the indirect question clause, as one of four categories of subordinate clauses, according to content, while retaining the three traditional form categories, namely, conjunctional, relative, and those introduced by "w-" interrogative words. (Text is in German.) (IFS/WGA)

Syntagmatics is the name given to the regular linking of speech units in speaking. In German, a rigid organization gives structural cohesion to the sentence. Ellipsis before a predicate adjective is discussed, wherein the sentence, through word order and intonation, becomes functional, although apparently syntactically anomalous. (Text is in…

A coherent theory of intonation in relation to syntax has not yet been formulated, partly because there is no satisfactory theory of context within a transformational generative grammar, and partly because intonation studies have been concerned with phonetic descriptions of intonation contours. This article calls for an intonation theory. (CK)

The strategy for PASP proposed here is characterized by the: (1) ad hoc nature of some of its parts; (2) use of a linear string grammar, (3) definition of probability rules, (4) translation of those rules into a priori rules for the string grammar, (5) context sensitivity, and (6) flexibility of the system. (Author/KM)