Stating that the most pressing and puzzling scientific questions are questions about properties, not about change, the authors examine Piaget's and other theories of human development. Disputes the constructivist view that the initial cognitive state is one of emptiness, showing that from birth, humans react to certain stimuli in specific ways,…

Examines whether bias and stereotypes filter into reporters' consciousness, affecting what they write about women, or whether reporters successfully avoid the influence of such bias. Claims that instances of sex-stereotyping were a result of chance rather than ingrained, institutional gender bias. (MM)

Research on perceptual and cognitive capacities of the newborn has revealed that state variables typically interfere with or override the neonate's attentional and stimulus processing tendencies. This finding argues for the power of early state variables as behavioral determinants and, further, that neonatal state measures might provide good…

Role analysis is a powerful yet simple organizational development technique. When expectations are clarified, individual team members can become more effective and efficient. Then, synergy occurs and the whole team becomes more effective. (JOW)

Differences in presenting problems and counselor age were perceived as intended. Subjects' marital status was unrelated to any measures. Counselors were judged as most expert, attractive, and trustworthy when dealing with presenting problems that were least intimate. Subjects anticipated greater satisfaction with younger rather than older…

Mildly mentally retarded adolescents (N=14) and mental age-matched nonretarded children participated in three experiments examining language processing efficiency. Results suggested that the retarded and nonretarded differ in the speed with which the semantic-analytic processes are executed but not necessarily the phonological encoding processes…

This article investigates the use of folk speech in the art criticism of people who are not art professionals. Maintains that if folk speech is recognized and evaluated in the art classroom, art educators may help expand both the visual and verbal perceptions and expressions of students. (JDH)

This response to Trachtman's article (TM 510 399) argues that the Trachtman paper is inappropriate due to the time elapsed since the original Bardon proposal. The author acknowledges the difference in perspective between Trachtman and himself. He expresses the hope that discussion concerning this aspect of school psychology politics may be ended.…

Reviews the literature in pain perception to clarify the influence of sex and menstrual phase on the phenomenon of pain. The appropriateness of the measures of pain threshold, pain tolerance, discrimination accuracy, and of response bias to the study of pain are discussed. (Author)

Infants, aged one to four months, were tested for developmental shifts in their ability to discriminate internal pattern elements in compound geometric figures. Significant recovery was seen at all ages when any pattern element was altered. No developmental differences in responsiveness to changes in internal versus external figures were observed.…

Examined secondary school administrators' perceptions of the role of school psychologists (N=361). Found little difference in their ranking order of actual and ideal roles. Significant differences were in "counseling with students" and staffing for special education; with administrators desiring more involvement in counseling than…

Physician assistant attitudes and perceptions about substance abuse education and prescribing practices indicate that 81 percent of respondents were responsible for prescribing. Of prescribers, 97.7 percent counseled about medication; of nonprescribers, 95.0 percent counseled about medication. Diagnosis and prevention were the most highly ranked…

Investigates whether tactual habituation without the assistance of vision occurs in four- to six-month-old infants. Additionally tests the relevance of a habituation/reaction to novelty procedure in the tactual modality. Results show clearly that tactual habituation occurs in such infants, just as visual habituation does. (Author/RH)

The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) was administered to 30 assaultive couples where the husband was undergoing treatment for wife assault. Differential reporting was found whereby husbands tend to view their marital relationship as mutually violent, while wives view it as husband-violent. The husband-wife correlation on specific items of the CTS…

Examined the effects of counselor self-disclosure and paradoxical homework directives on perceived counselor social influence. Results indicated that paradoxical directives were not damaging to perceptions of counselor social influence and that counselor self-disclosure did not affect perceptions of counselor social influence. (Author/BL)