Preschoolers placed stickers on maps to show locations of objects currently in view. Vantage point (eye-level versus raised), map form (plan versus oblique), and item type (floor versus furniture location) were varied. Results showed that using an oblique map first aided subsequent performance on a plan map. Subjects performed worse on floor…

Three-year olds who failed a false-belief pretest were trained in two groups on either the concept of belief or the concepts of desire and perception. Both groups showed improved performance on a false-belief posttest compared to a control group trained on number conservation. Results were interpreted as demonstrating coherence in children's…

Reviews research about a profound misconception among college students: the belief that the process of vision includes emanations from their ideas. Documents the strength and breadth of this phenomenon and the failure of traditional educational techniques to overcome this belief. Asserts that students are leaving psychology courses with flawed…

Presents a response to "The Present and Future Status of School Psychology in the United States" (this issue). The author presents a less optimistic view of the future of school psychology, revolving around issues of ratios, time, and money. (GCP)

Provides commentary on an article concerning transcriptions and the denoting of silence, contrasting it with a similar article concerning transcriptions and real time as it effects research analysis of spoken discourse. Contains 22 references. (GLR)

Examined functional exchange of services, emotional (expressive) and tangible (instrumental), between noninstitutionalized Jewish grandparents (n=118) and adult grandchildren. The results indicated that the majority of grandparent-adult grandchild relationships were not reciprocal; grandparents perceived that they received more than they gave.…

The Feature Integration Theory of visual search proposed by A. M. Treisman and others (1980, 1986) is reviewed, and a modified Guided Search theory is presented in which the parallel stage guides the serial stage as it chooses display elements to process. A computer simulation illustrates the theory. (SLD)

Priming is a nonconscious form of human memory. Presents evidence and reasoning that priming and perceptual identification are expressions of a single perceptual representation system. (YP)

Discusses positive side of stress and shows how it can be used to encourage personal and professional development. Presents views of work as a job and as a career. Discusses perception of stress and concept of positive, as opposed to punitive, solutions as options. (ABL)

Results indicated that habituated 20-week-olds showed evidence of color constancy, but habituated 9-week-olds did not. The younger subjects responded with increased attention to simulated changes either of the illuminant or of surface reflectance, whereas older subjects responded with increased attention only to simulated changes of surface…

Results of a survey of secondary counselors indicate that school size affects the perception that counselors have of their duties. The study also indicates that many tasks not directly associated with counseling and consulting were performed by the subjects. (IAH)

Investigated the assumption that different aspects of visual selectivity depend on common processing resources by engaging observers aged 5, 7, 9, and 24 years in a task designed to examine the relations between covert shifts of attention and filtering. Covert orienting and filtering shared processing resources; filtering ability improved with…

Nurses (N=30) employed in nursing homes were trained as Geriatric Nurse Practitioners and then implemented their new clinical roles as direct employees of the original facility. Results showed the nurses, their directors, and administrators perceived the nurses as having positive effects on resident outcomes, but described difficulties in…

Predicted that marital satisfaction would be higher in later stages of life cycle because of diminishing demands of nonmarital roles. Data from 2,327 older married persons showed that departure of children was associated with higher levels of marital satisfaction; other hypotheses based on role overload theory received no support and were…

Ten "myths" about the Unified Braille Code (UBC) are debunked in this article. Myths address the official adoption of UBC, changes in literary Braille, input from users in determining the UBC's final form, the UBC and technical uses, the UBC and computer Braille translation, and continued availability of materials in current codes. (DB)