Successful outcome in psychotherapy depends, in part, on clients' preconceptions and expectations. Research has shown that inaccurate expectations are more prevalent among lower socioeconomic status clients, who also represent the majority of substance abusers in community treatment programs. To investigate the effect of general and specific…

The Key Assessment System, consisting of test instruments which measure psychological functioning, work related competencies, and attitudinal and motivational characteristics, is described. The system is a vocational assessment battery designed to differentiate levels of psychophysical capabilities in a nondiscriminatory manner. It provides a…

Forty-seven third grade regular class boys rated as disruptive by teachers were administered three tests to determine incidence of perceptual deficits as well as effects of race and social class on auditory discrimination. (MC)

The relationship between conceptual complexity and stimulus saliency was explored in a 3 x 4 factorial design using 144 undergraduates. Levels of complexity were represented by varying the ratio of relevant-to-irrelevant dimensions (1:3, 2:2, and 3:1). The saliency factor varied according to the discriminability between each attribute within…

Intra- and crossmodal performance of normal and retarded third-grade readers were compared in a reaction-time task. Results suggest that the demands of stimulus complexity within the visual modality rather than the demands of crossmodal shifting were related to reading ability. (Author/ED)

Skilled readers read passages while their eye movements were monitored. Certain critical words were changed by the computer as the eye was in motion. Subsequent data indicated how wide the area is from which a reader acquires information during a fixation in silent reading. (Author/BJG)

Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) is defined as the performer's ability to visually discriminate parts of an object when there is relative motion between the target and the performer. According to research findings, this visual attribute may play a key role in motor-task performance. Researchers have found a significant relationship between DVA and…

THIS DOCUMENT IS INTENDED PRIMARILY FOR TEACHERS OF PSYCHOLOGY AND EDUCATION IN TEACHER TRAINING CENTERS, RESEARCHERS, AND EDUCATORS INTERESTED IN THE EFFECTIVE USE OF AUDIOVISUAL AIDS. NEW TYPES OF PUPIL AND TEACHER BEHAVIOR IN RESPONSE TO NEW AUDIOVISUAL TECHNIQUES ARE EXAMINED. ONLY TECHNIQUES CONSTANTLY AT THE DISPOSAL OF THE CLASSROOM TEACHER…

READING ABILITIES OF PRIMARY CHILDREN WITH VISUAL PERCEPTION PROBLEMS WHO WERE TAUGHT BY CONVENTIONAL METHODS WERE COMPARED TO THE ABILITIES OF CHILDREN GIVEN SPECIAL TRAINING DESIGNED TO IMPROVE FAULTY OR IMMATURE VISUAL PERCEPTION. ONE CONTROL GROUP PARTICIPATED IN SPECIAL ACTIVITIES SUCH AS PICTURE COLORING AND THE OTHER CONTROL GROUP RECEIVED…

The use of visuals in facilitating language learning is investigated by first looking at the effects of both visual and auditory perceptions on the ontogeny of language. This paper then samples the growing body of research and data on the ways in which visuals facilitate first language learning. The use of visuals in teaching/learning is examined…

Pre-existing cognitions may influence a child's social perceptions, and the extent of this influence is measured in groups of children from grades 1-6. The children were shown slide shows of congruous (e.g. doctor befriending bullied child) and incongruous (e.g. minister shoplifting) interpersonal behavior. Half of the children saw stories in…

Pioneering research has shown that infants are capable of perceptual discrimination and has provided some indication of the nature of the discrimination; that is, what stimuli are differentiable. Studies have demonstrated that significant effects exist, in stimulus-pair comparisons, for age of infant, speed of movement of stimulus during…

The role of perceptual discrimination in the development of the ability to selectively process information was investigated. Using an incidental learning paradigm, the discriminability between relevant and irrelevant stimuli was experimentally varied in two ways: (1) contiguity versus non-contiguity in spatial arrangements and (2) alternating…