Outlines conceptual distinction among avoidance, cooperation, and competitive conflict resolution strategies used by marital partners. Couples (N=43) were audiotaped as they discussed previous disagreements. Found the temporal aspects of speech, including turn-taking and interruptions, need to be considered in the study of couples' conflict…

Three peer tutoring methods and two group investigation approaches are examined for effects on academic achievement, students' attitudes, and ethnic relations. The five methods are: Jigsaw classroom (Aronson), Teams-Games-Tournaments (DeVries), Student Teams and Academic Division (Slavin), cooperative learning approach (Johnson), and small-group…

Enrollments, the competition for space, and the cooperation in the use of space in future campus planning activities are discussed. Campuses will only begin to think about cohesion or cooperation, it is suggested, if they can be responsive to three problems: enrollment declines, energy conservation, and economic difficulties. (MLW)

The cooperative behavior of 144 children in three groups--Cuban-Americans in either private or public schools and Anglo-Americans--decreased when task instructions emphasized individual rewards. Only the Anglo-American children, who maintained a significant level of competitiveness throughout, significantly increased their competitive behavior in…

Cooperation promoted stronger student perceptions of teacher academic/personal support than did individualistic learning experiences, stronger perceptions of peer academic/personal support than either competitive or individualistic learning experiences, and higher achievement than the other two conditions. Competition promoted higher achievement…

Argues that, in many countries, national governments are less able to fund higher education, and higher education may be becoming a lower priority, which increases competition among institutions. Universities will need to become more responsive to local and regional communities' needs, increase their utility to society to maintain public support,…

Explores supply-and-demand factors by combining a 100-county sample of independent preschools with 1990 census data. Price negatively affects hours demanded. More hours are purchased in poorer counties with more black single parents and rapid population growth. Center accreditation significantly increases demand, but depresses supply. Public…

The development and enhancement of alliances among universities, industry, and government is widely seen as a prescription for strengthening the competitiveness of regional and national economies. The interaction of university and industrial scientists is examined, and whether the creation of Ontario's Centres of Excellence should serve as a model…

The author of "Risky Business: Private Management of Public Schools" examines privatization efforts by Educational Alternatives Inc. and the Edison Project. Privatization actually represents two different interests: a conservative ideological crusade and a nonpartisan exercise in pursuing good government. Most arrangements have not…

Lessons learned in the merger of two junior high schools, one predominantly black and one predominantly white, with a history of competition and distrust, illustrate the sense of community that can be developed with shared decision making and respect for cultural differences. Reducing ability grouping was vital in unifying the academic structures.…

Suggests a motivations framework to organize constructs for evaluating sport consumption. Researchers developed scales to measure motivations for spectating and participant markets, then surveyed 1,611 sports enthusiasts nationwide, profiling sports using motivational constructs. The proposed constructs are shown to have implications for marketing…

This study examined the effect of video-based contextualized advisement and competition on transfer of mathematics skills in a computer-based simulation game in which participants helped their "aunt and uncle" fix up a house. Participants were 123 seventh- and eighth-grade students. Results indicated an interaction between competition…

The University of Wisconsin, in the third year of a high-profile drive to increase minority enrollments, is having difficulty reaching its goals despite realistic goals and appropriate efforts. Competition for a limited minority population among the state's private and public colleges and universities is intense, and racial tension persists. (MSE)

Much marketing information can be obtained for admissions policy formation and forecasting from existing data sources, including course perceptions, the nature of the competition, and the admissions policies of the competition. The British university application system would benefit by exploiting computer applications of this concept. (MSE)

The hypothesis that student groups working under conditions of intergroup competition will adopt different motivational orientation than will groups not in competition was studied using 89 Israeli fourth graders (50 males and 39 females). The impact of prior socialization on group behaviors and implications for cooperative learning are discussed.…