Investigates intellectual decline and attempts to determine some of the sex differences possibly inherent in the phenomena that during adolescence girls decrease in their I.Q. scores while boys increase. (Author/RK)

This study extends the research on being imitated by assessing its impact on the model's reward of the imitator and on the imitator's reward value relative to a juxtaposed nonimitating confederate. 48 first grade students of primarily middle socio-economic class served as subjects. (Author/RK)

Loglinear unidimensional and multidimensional Rasch models are considered for analysis of repeated observations of polytomous indicators with ordered response categories. Reparameterizations and parameter restrictions are provided that facilitate specification of a variety of hypotheses about latent processes of change. Use of the models is…

Replies to a report on three toddlers who evidenced a late vocabulary spurt. The article argues that differences in assessing productive vocabulary and the questionable inference that size of the lexicon is a reliable indicator of the vocabulary spurt make it inappropriate to compare these children to previous studies directly measuring change in…

Examined whether differences in students' self-reported knowledge, cynicism, and political participation depended on whether their American government college course included a character-playing simulation involving members of Congress. Discusses research hypotheses and describes testing for immediate effects as well as after three years.…

Describes a science and math activity that involves bubbles, shapes, colors, and solid geometry. Students build geometric shapes with soda straws and submerge the shapes in soapy water, allowing them to review basic geometry concepts, test hypotheses, and learn about other concepts such as diffraction, interference colors, and evaporation. (TJQ)

Derived general formulas to determine the sample size requirements for hypothesis testing with desired power and interval estimation with desired precision. Illustrated the approach with the example of a screening test for adolescent attention deficit disorder. (SLD)

Investigates how output can be a process by which second language (L2) learners test out hypotheses about the L2 and the extent to which learner hypothesis testing attempts that result in non-target like (NTL) output are challenged by interlocutors. A picture-descriptions task was used to collect data from eight native- and eight…

Longitudinal findings on phonological awareness and progress in reading and spelling of 65 children from 4 years, 7 months to 6 years, 7 months strongly supported views that sensitivity to rhyme leads to awareness of phonemes, which in turn affects reading; and rhyme makes a direct contribution to reading that is independent of connection between…

Describes the linguistic phenomenon of anaphora; surveys the approaches to anaphora undertaken in theoretical linguistics and natural language processing (NLP); presents results of research conducted at Syracuse University on anaphora in information retrieval; and discusses the future of anaphora research in regard to information retrieval tasks.…

Definitions of and approaches to naturalistic evaluation are discussed. The qualitative aspects of the discipline are reviewed; and use of naturalistic evaluation in descriptions, illustrations, explications, hypothesis testing, and assessment of public spending are defined. A new paradigm for naturalistic evaluation is proposed. (TJH)

Multivariate and univariate analysis of variance methods (MANOVA and ANOVA, respectively) are compared for their relative value in educational research. The favoritism shown multivariate techniques is questioned. Criteria for the selection of the appropriate technique are outlined. The relationships among research hypotheses, statistical…

Describes the nature and procedure of individualized inquiry and provides an illustration of its use in one social studies classroom. Steps include problem definition, hypothesis formation, information gathering, data analysis, hypothesis testing, and drawing conclusions. Recommends that teachers select responsible, intellectually capable, and…

A critique of a procedure developed by Becker and Williams (1986) for gauging the extend to which an organization's composition suggests discrimination. Their model and its associated statistical test suffer from two problems: (1) it is difficult to dismiss the null hypothesis of no discrimination; and (2) the model makes an overly simple…

Factors that might bias outcomes of meta-analytic reviews are discussed. The role of meta-analysis in theory development is considered, describing three types of meta-analytic tests of theory. A final section discusses the applicability of meta-analysis in the assessment of convergent and discriminant construct validity. (SLD)