Tested the hypothesis that differences in cooperative-competitive social behavior between Anglo-Americans and Mexican Americans is a result of larger family size among the latter group. Found that, even after controlling for number of siblings and birth order, statistically significant differences in such behavior remained between the two groups.…

Discusses the development of the Canadian Heritage Writing Competition and the opportunities it has offered young Canadian writers. (AEA)

Examines controversies over the control of scientific information, citing cases about and discussing issues concerning professional control, confidentiality, competition, and national security. Addresses policy changes and the difficulties of establishing principles for control. (DC)

The physical fitness program for the USSR is strictly controlled throughout the Soviet military and civilian society. The civilian defense program (GTO) is designed to control the physical education of all citizens from ages 10-60. The focus of GTO is on preparing youth for military service. (JN)

Married couples competed on a test of mental flexibility. Husbands and wives were randomly determined as winners and losers in competition. Spouses reacted as strongly to competition with each other as they did to competition with a stranger. Females were more affected by competitive outcome, particularly intramarital competition. (Author)

Meta-analyses indicated that cooperation is more effective than interpersonal and individual efforts in promoting achievement and productivity, that cooperation in intergroup competition is superior to interpersonal and individual efforts in promoting achievement and productivity, and that interpersonal competition and individual efforts do not…

Fred Engh, president of the National Youth Sports Coaches Association, discusses problems in youth sports, including: win-at-all-costs coaching philosophies, parent involvement, and lack of proper training for volunteers. (CJ)

Data obtained from a study indicated a need to identify the academic preparation of athletic coaches in higher education. Areas studied included: (1) degrees in physical education; (2) degrees in education, guidance and counseling, or administration; and (3) undergraduate participation in athletic activities. (JN)

The history and current status of national mathematics olympiad competitions in China are discussed. Selected problems and answers from recent tests are included. (MP)

This study examines the interorganizational coordination exercised through the surveillance and sanctioning activity of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), shows the extent to which private systems of regulation may operate to control organization practices, and suggests the limitations of some public regulatory activity.…

One hundred graduate students completed the Zuckerman-Allison Fear of Success Scale and indicated the number of competitive team sports in which they participated in grades 7 through 12. Results did not support the prediction that fear of success should be inversely related to early participation in team sports. (Author/SJL)

Some causes of and solutions to violence in American sports (including professional, amateur, and youth programs) are outlined. (JMF)

Evaluates reform of higher educational systems in Germany beginning with the University Law of Berlin (1969) and temporarily ending with the framework Higher Education law (1976). Concludes that given the fact that Germany relies not on resources but on know-how, German universities must realize that even in an age of mass education they should be…

Competition is an integral part of the American value structure. Since competitive attitudes and behaviors are learned, the competitive process can be modified. Two contrasting orientations to the competition phenomenon--competition as product and competition as process--are described, and suggestions for change are made. (JN)

Examines the economic and technological factors affecting the evolution of three bibliographic networks--RLIN, UTLAS, and WLN--and explores the role of those state and regional networks that broker OCLC services. (Author/FM)