This study was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Iowa.

The present study, involving 112 sixth graders, explored the effect of self- and other-directed negative affect on the subsequent helping behavior of high- and low-empathic children. (MP)

Examines reasons for divorce reported by 333 men and women. Reasons for divorce, which ranged from lack of personal self-fulfillment to nonfulfillment of marital role obligations, were influenced by sex, age, education, income, and number of children. Children had the most pervasive effect on motivations for divorce. (JAC)

Asserts (1) that contrary to Waters, findings affirm the importance of viewing mother-infant attachment as a dynamic relationship, responsive to family conditions, and (2) that these findings are consistent with those of other researchers. (Author/RH)

Critiqued and reanalyzed a recent study of the validity of five Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) alcoholism scales. The original study concluded that these scales were invalid in terms of classifying patients in regard to alcoholic status. Reanalysis provides evidence for the validity of four of the five scales. (Author/JAC)

Examines the level and quality of object play and other cognitive and socioemotional aspects of the play situation, both as individual entities and as interrelated aspects of the way the child with Down syndrome approaches and deals with the animate and inanimate world. Relationships among these aspects and the child's level of functioning were…

Investigates, in a group of 48 children ages three to five years of age who were judged either high- or low-exploratory, the effects of (1) the presence of other children high and low in their predisposition to explore and (2) different types of novel objects. (MP)

Assesses the social image of cigarette smoking held by early- and middle-adolescent smokers and examines whether that social image serves to motivate smoking initiation. Results indicate that the social image of both male and female smokers is an ambivalent one. (Author/MP)

Results indicated that masculine and androgynous individuals had higher levels of self-esteem than feminine and undifferentiated individuals. Analysis also revealed that the effect of sex-role orientation on self-esteem was greater for females than for males. Implications for theories of androgyny and sex-role development are discussed. (Author/MP)

The Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI) and the Self-Directed Search (SDS) were administered to 110 Black and White non-college-degreed workers in three occupations (laboratory technicians, sales clerks, and clerk-typists) corresponding to three of Holland's environmental categories (Investigative, Enterprising, and Conventional). Findings for…

The author presents a major goal for education and then proceeds through a curriculum model of theory into the application of theories appropriate for the goal, the learners, and the content area. Includes the theories of individual differences, involvement in the learning process, and multisensory learning. (CT)

Thirty-two students took a retention test eight months after completing an educational psychology course. Their ability to recognize definitions of concepts was compared to their ability to recognize new instances of the same concepts. No differences were found. (Author/GK)