The study and analysis of enzymatic reactions are essential for characterizing various biological systems. As part of these procedures, it is important to understand how to quantify the biological activity of these proteins in terms of enzymatic activity. This work proposes a general equation for determining enzymatic activity based on…

Scientific inquiry skills are crucial for scientific literacy and cognitive development in the 21st century. Prior research has identified key inquiry skills-- data analytics (DA), control of variables (COV), and scientific reasoning (SR)--but has not validated these skills through comprehensive assessments. The aim of this study was to validate…

This technical report provides detailed information about the sample, survey instruments, and resultant data for the Fall 2024 Pre-Kindergarten Teacher Survey (PKTS) which was administered via RAND's American Teacher Panel (ATP). The ATP is a nationally representative sample of public school teachers and part of the broader American Educator…

Chinese universities face a persistent paradox: Despite substantial investments in R&D and strong knowledge production performance, their socioeconomic impact remains limited. To address this disconnect, we develop a dual-stage efficiency framework distinguishing knowledge production (KPE) from knowledge transformation (KTE) and implement a…

The preschool landscape is complex, consisting of several publicly funded programs supported by federal, state, and local funds. Included in this landscape is Head Start, a critical early childhood education (ECE) program that serves--in every state and territory--young children in families with incomes at or below the federal poverty line,…

Many educators in California are unaware of just how harmful out of school suspensions can be. When suspended students are barred from attending school, more often than not, the rule broken was some form of minor misconduct. This update of "Lost Instruction Time in California Schools" demonstrates that despite the important efforts by…

There is a large body of research exploring the difficulties young people experience on the transition to secondary education. However, there has been little comparative research yielding insights into how these experiences vary by institutional context. This article explores differences in school transition difficulties among young people in…

This article evaluates the applicability at the state and district level of web scraping--an automated data-extraction technique that regularly exports and refreshes data from the Internet--to provide a low-cost way to get a close-to-real-time snapshot of the demand side of the teacher labor market. Once set up, web scraping can quickly build and…

Ubiquitous datafication surrounds agriculture stakeholders with data as the raw material for additional value creation, resilience and innovation. Technical and soft competencies of data literacy (DL) are not comprehensively addressed in formal secondary education as an interdisciplinary and general concept. Aiming to assess DL structure set for…

This study employed a critical inquiry paradigm to explore the significance of equity and social justice in teaching qualitative methodologies and methods to graduate students. Graduate students of multiple minoritized identities and a faculty member conducted a two-year inquiry into the research apprenticeship experience, including the stages of…

This report includes information on the 2021-2022 Study of Family and Staff Experiences in American Indian and Alaska Native Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey Programs (the 2021-2022 Study). The 2021-2022 Study collected data from children's parents, teachers, center directors, and program directors in Region XI Head Start programs in…

The What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) at the Institute of Education Sciences reviews rigorous research on educational practices, policies, programs, and products with a goal of identifying 'what works' and making that information accessible to the public. One critique of the WWC is the need to more closely examine 'what works' for whom, in which…

This project aims to gain insight into the mechanisms by which schools in highly challenging environments avoided learning loss--or even improved--during the pandemic. Using a unique dataset covering multiple levels of school, health, and environmental data, we examine which factors led schools to 'beat the odds' when it comes to learning…

For many years state education agencies (SEAs) have sought to create assessment systems that include all students, including students with disabilities. In order to improve outcomes for students with disabilities, there is an urgent need for cross-agency collaboration between special education and assessment offices, but other offices (e.g.,…

Leveraging ground-breaking work of Black feminist scholars alongside established techniques of focus group and community-based participatory research, we explain sister-girl talk as a novel method for collecting and analyzing group interview data with Black women. We outline the procedures for consultation, facilitation and preliminary analysis of…