THIS WORKBOOK WAS WRITTEN TO ENABLE PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEERS LIVING IN THE PHILIPPINES TO ANALYZE AND LEARN THE LANGUAGE SPOKEN IN THEIR REGION. IT WAS ASSUMED THAT THE VOLUNTEER WOULD HAVE SOME TRAINING IN TAGALOG BUT NOT NECESSARILY A KNOWLEDGE OF LINGUISTIC TERMS OR METHODS. THE AUTHOR ALSO ASSUMES THAT THE VOLUNTEER WILL WORK WITH A NATIVE…

IN ANALYZING WAYS BY WHICH VARIOUS LANGUAGES SIGNAL THE RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF ELEMENTS IN A SENTENCE, ONE APPROACH (THAT OF TRANSFORMATION THEORY) IS TO RELATE EMPHASIS TO A TOPIC-COMMENT RELATIONSHIP. A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SEVERAL ENGLISH, TURKISH, AND JAPANESE SENTENCES THAT TAKE DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF EMPHASIS SUGGESTS THAT IN EACH CASE THE…

This bibliography contains entries in the following areas: (1) bibliographic guides, bibliographies, and checklists; (2) encyclopedias, language dictionaries, glossaries, literary dictionaries, handbooks, histories, and manuals covering literature and performing arts; (3) sources of critical reviews; (4) checklist and indexes to journal articles;…

Two examples of linguistic blindness (the inability of the native teacher/speaker to assess objectively certain features of the language) in the Hindi language are chosen for discussion. Problems in the accurate description of nominal and pronominal declension are dealt with. A study of post-positions is also included, since the declension system…

This treatise on the theoretical and historical foundations of distinctive feature theory traces the evolution of the distinctive features concept in the context of related notions current in linguistic theory, discusses the evolution of individual distinctive features, and criticizes certain acoustic and perceptual correlates attributed to these…

The concept of cognitive egocentrism is presented, supported with experimental evidence, and operationally defined on a scale of egocentric distance from "ego" ("speaker") to "hearer," to "other," to "concrete entity." This concept is used in evaluating the hypothesis that the nominative case in…

The varied forms and semantic factors of Japanese ordinal expressions are related to one another in a coherent system. In Japanese, the cardinal number form is a numeral compound in construction with a referent. The numeral compound consists of a number and a numeral adjunct. Numeral adjuncts are derived from bound forms, or numeral suffixes, and…

The aim of this paper is to account for some semantic properties of Romanian interrogatives "ce" and "cine" by establishing some definite correlations between various contextual restrictions governing the use of these interrogative particles and the "meaning" which might be assigned to each of these particles in any…

The first volume in this series on Serbo-Croatian-English contrastive analysis contains four articles. They are: "Contrasting via Translation: Formal Correspondence vs. Translation Equivalence," by Vladimir Ivir; "Approach to Contrastive Analysis," by Leonardo Spalatin; and "The Choice of the Corpus for the Contrastive Analysis of Serbo-Croatian…

This paper is one of a number of studies within the conceptual framework of natural phonology, according to which phonological processes are of two kinds, context-free and context-sensitive. Context-free changes can be explained by the character of the sounds themselves; context-sensitive processes are explained largely by the function of the…

This paper is a tentative description of several processes of complex sentence building in Bahasa Malaysia. Several types of embedding and conjoining are described, and some transformational rules are proposed whereby these are accomplished. Two informants, one from Selangor State and the other from Malacca State, were used for the study.…

There is a class of verbs in French which require that their complement verb be in the indicative. However, if the matrix clause contains a negative or an interrogative, the complement verb is usually in the subjunctive, but sometimes in the indicative. Examples are the verbs "penser" and "croire" in sentences such as: 1) Elle…

This note examines motivations and consequences of a widely held generative phonological analysis of the Modern French vowel system. This analysis claims that only three degrees of vowel height are distinctive in Modern French. It is argued that the analysis would be improved by adding an additional degree of vowel height, creating a system which…

To account for vowel alternations in forms such as divine-divinity, Chomsky and Halle propose the Vowel Shift Rule and other rules. This study experimentally assesses the psychological validity and generality of these rules by testing the productivity of vowel alternation. Subjects were required, in a meaningful sentence context, to produce a…

This work, a revised version of the author's original "outline of Bielorussian Morphology" (1967), is intended as a contribution to a structurally oriented grammar of Bielorussian in English. It is based on published grammars and handbooks. Opening sections of this outline deal with phonology and morphophonemic alternations, followed by sections…