The author, of Reclamation House in Okpoma Brass, Nigeria, has attempted to "arrange Nembe words in an alphabetical order to form the basis of a dictionary." The introductory section of this two-volume dictionary presents a short description of the phonological and morphological features of Nembe, as well as a guide to the pronunciation of the…

Presents a preliminary study on the analysis of cleft sentences in Chinese, defining the cleft sentence in Chinese, clarifying its relationship to equation sentences, and discussing two alternative analyses. (Author/AM)

The speech of two male Taiwanese speakers was analyzed to determine whether fundamental frequency (Fo) is correlated with both duration and intensity; five conclusions are drawn. The results are discussed in terms of theories of pitch production and speed of pitch change. (EJS)

THIS SKETCH CONSTITUTES A PRELIMINARY STUDY FOR A DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR OF PANJABI, THE LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY NEARLY 30 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE INDIAN AND PAKISTANI PROVINCES OF PUNJAB, AND BY SIKHS AND PANJABI MUSLIMS IN EAST AFRICA. AN INDO-ARYAN LANGUAGE, PANJABI (ALONG WITH HINDI) IS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF EAST PUNJAB, AND THE PRESENT STUDY IS…

THIS BASIC COURSE IN MORE, AN AFRICAN TONE LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY THE MOSSI PEOPLE OF UPPER VOLTA, IS INTENDED TO PROVIDE THE STUDENT WITH DIALOGS THAT RELATE TO SOME OF THE FIRST SITUATIONS IN WHICH HE IS LIKELY TO USE THE LANGUAGE, AS WELL AS WITH SYSTEMATIC PRACTICE IN ALL MAJOR POINTS OF GRAMMAR. THE COURSE COMPRISES 48 UNITS DIVIDED INTO THREE…

This two-part Igbo/English-English/Igbo dictionary has been prepared primarily for speakers of English who have acquired at least a minimum of competence in speaking Igbo, and a knowledge of the major structural patterns. The variety of Igbo represented is referred to by the authors as "compromise Igbo" and is based on the speech of numerous…

The Foochow-English section of the present dictionary lists the Foochow entries in romanized form followed by their Chinese characters and English glosses. The English entries in the English-Foochow section are followed by a notation indicating form class, Foochow gloss in romanized form and Chinese characters, and examples of usage. An…

This dictionary of Luganda (Ganda) is written in the "Standard Orthography recommended by the all-Baganda Conference of March 1947 and officially accepted by the Government of Buganda and the Protectorate Government." An explanation of the method used in compiling this work, as well as mention of sources, is presented in the editor's Preface. A…

A review of previous analyses of the syntax of Fuzhou Tone Sandhi precedes the exploration of grammatical relations and the application of phrase-level tone sandhi rules, concluding that modifiers, but not arguments, preceding the head can undergo tone sandhi, as can heads preceding arguments, but not modifiers. (18 references) (Author/CB)

CHINESE SPEAKERS IN THE UNITED STATES USUALLY SPEAK CHINESE WITH ENGLISH WORDS INSERTED. IN MANDARIN CHINESE, A TONE-SANDHI RULE CHANGES A THIRD TONE PRECEDING ANOTHER THIRD TONE TO A SECOND TONE. THE THIRD TONE IS LOW--THE THREE OTHER TONES ARE HIGH. IT IS THE (-HIGH) FEATURE THAT PROVOKES CHINESE TONE SANDHI. USING THE TONE-SANDHI RULE, THE…

Differential sensitivity for frequency was compared between six native speakers of a tone language, Mandarin Chinese, and six native speakers of a nontone language, English. Subjects judged whether variable tones, at increments within the frequency range of a level tone-phoneme category, sounded the same or different in pitch than standard tones…

In some Chinese dialects, most regular syllables keep their underlying tones, but in others, the initial syllable determines the tonal pattern of a multisyllabic expression. The Mandarin and Shanghai dialects best represent this contrast. The article criticizes 1993 research on the subject, proposing that Chinese is both mora-counting and…

Examines tone perception in Mambila, a Benue-Congo language with four level lexical tones. A categorization experiment was run to determine some of the salient aspects of the perceptual nature of these tones. Results are discussed in light of what is known about universal tendencies of tone systems and the historical development of the Mambila…

The correlation between individual level tones and vowel duration in Standard Thai was investigated. The study was prompted by the discrepancy between Gandour's 1977 claim that the pitch value of the three relatively level tones in Thai is negatively correlated with vowel duration and Roberson's 1982 disagreement with this hypothesis. The result…