Observed the behavior of 37 infants in response to their mothers' normal and still face. Infants reduced their smiling and increased their gazing away from mother during the still face condition compared to normal face condition. Compared to three month olds, six month olds were more likely to use hand activities while gazing away from mother. (MM)

Delineates a series of nine questions concerning the study of adolescent friendships that must be addressed by theorists and empirical investigators. The questions concern comparisons between different types of relationships; peer relationships; individual differences; developmental differences; changes in friendship over time; friendship…

Identifies institutional racism, encouraged assimilation, and ignorance of Hispanic values as barriers to the leadership development of Hispanics in higher education. Considers role of student personnel workers in promoting leadership development programs and activities for Hispanic college students. (Author/NB)

A case study shows how three university students see their experience of learning to write in the academic community in relation to their previous uses of writing. A clear finding is that they all had a strong sense of the university as another "world of literacy" that was difficult to enter and that offered not enough support. (LB)

Examines the relation between toys and intentions, focusing on preschoolers. Toys reveal important cultural concerns, help develop valued attributes, and can be sensitive indicators of historical change. Toys and play allow children freedom to express personal intentionality regarding cultural intentions. (SM)

The relationships of age, gender, and educational level with moral development in 94 middle-class 28- to 55-year-old adults (32 males and 62 females) were studied. Subjects were administered Kohlberg's Moral Judgment Interview (MJI). Males scored higher on the MJI than females. Findings support the continued development of moral judgment through…

Reviews conceptualization of change as series of accumulating increments and decrements and depiction of change by growth curves as continuous process underlying individual performance. Clarifies problems with use of difference scores in study of change. Contrasts traditional methods with growth curve analysis for purposes of measuring change and…

This article reviews several research studies on the achievement of gifted females. Factors that appear to contribute to lower achievement in career and profession include lower aspirations, lack of mentors, pressure to put energy into family, and poor self-esteem. Stressed are the different timelines for achievement experienced by many females.…

Sargent and other human service professionals have pursued visions of a rational, regulated life, a vision entertained by many professions. The paper critiques the human capital model (which unites these professions and delivery systems), presents a human development perspective, identifies its assumptions, and sketches its life-enabling…

The arts deserve an integral place in schools, since they provide outlets for individuality, enhance thinking and language skills, and possess intrinsic educational value. Arts counter modern society's awesome drive for conformity by offering opportunities for authenticity and spontaneity. Arts offer the last glimmer of warmth and humaneness in a…

Studies the currently influential theories about the nature and development of the child. Questions whether these theories usefully inform educational work with specific children in particular locations. Considers how these theories affect writing instruction for children and criticizes their effects on real children. (HB)

Provides a historical framework for defining peer sexual harassment as a sex discrimination issue and as a potential mental health issue. Reviews the research on teenage-peer sexual harassment. Explores a theoretical context in which to understand sexual harassment and discusses the implications for social work practice in education. (MKA)

Suggests that counselors need to integrate personality and decision-making style into research on career maturity as well as give more than a passing nod to developmental theory. Variance in individual career development accounted for by context and change may be so great that longitudinal research on individuals may not be worthwhile. (Author/MKA)

Transcribes an interview with Australian geographer Fay Gale conducted in 1997 on the occasion of her retirement. Explores her professional and personal development as well as her views of research, teaching, geography, the problems and prospects for women in academia, and the state of higher education in Australia. (DSK)

Members of the Christian Association for Psychological Studies were surveyed to assess self-help book utilization. Self-help books were used with clients by 92% of respondents (N=243) some of the time. Differences in selection criteria and practices between master's and doctoral-level respondents are noted. Frequently used books are listed.…