Asserts career counseling too often is associated with objective test scores and rational decision making. Reiterates the importance of considering the client's developing self-concept in career counseling. Provides sample client centered career counseling session. (Author/ABL)

Four experiments studied effects of difficulty of word identification on optional conceptual processing by second, third, and fifth graders, and college students in a cued recall task. Results indicated that contrastive processing facilitates recall, and that difficulty of word identification may limit the extent of optional contrastive…

A study of effects of age and schooling in grades five and six on raw scores from a variety of general ability tests found that schooling: (1) is the major factor underlying the increase of intelligence test scores as a function of age; and (2) has a larger effect on verbal than nonverbal tests. (RH)

Presents a brief theoretical and methodological statement of developmental communication. Reviews developmental work in the general discipline of communication. Reviews several of the major research traditions within instructional communication and proposes how these traditions can be positively influenced by the developmental point of view. (SR)

Focuses on: (1) principles that underlie regulation of distress and negative emotions among infants and young children; and (2) developmental trends that occur during the first years of life. Discusses the role of caregivers. Offers ideas that lend themselves to hypothesis testing and empirical validation. (RH)

Discusses stage model describing racial identity and consciousness development process among majority (i.e., Euro-Anglo White) counselor trainees esconced in a multicultural learning environment. Proposes four-stage developmental model wherein trainees come to acknowledge and accept their own racial identity and that of minorities. (BH)

This article focuses on research identifying the value-added outcomes perceived by adults completing a liberal arts degree. These outcomes are compared with those of traditional-aged college graduates. The personal growth gains indicated by the adults provide support for justifying special degree programs. (SK)

Re-examines the concept of academic failure and competition. Ideally, education should endeavor to find and develop each individual's strengths, rather than hammer away at academic weaknesses. Schools should help the individual master the basic skills for surviving and functioning well in society. Grades and competition do not further these goals.…

Presents a digest of basic developmental information about children's feeding skills and behaviors, and gives general feeding recommendations. Also addresses requirements for feeding children with developmental disabilities and chronic medical conditions for which adapted environments or monitored nutrient intake may be necessary. (ET)

Describes personal growth group processes from a Jungian perspective. Assumes a conceptual framework for personal growth groups that uses constructs from Jung's theory of the individuation process in the first half of life (approximately before age 40). A 3-stage theory, with 18 testable hypotheses is proposed. (JBJ)

A solution-focused therapeutic approach to processing adventure experiences shifts the focus of debriefing sessions from problem to solution, helps clients recognize exceptions to their problem behavior, and sensitizes clients to seeking positive behaviors versus avoiding negative ones. Techniques include clients' rating of their own abilities on…

Reasons adolescents are attracted to socially disvalued media contents are explored by reviewing research on media use. The role of the school as a generating context for both delinquency and popular cultural dispositions is emphasized, and a theory of media delinquency is proposed. (SLD)

Uses statements in adventure education brochures to indicate assumptions in the field of adventure education. Points out discrepancies between these assumptions and actual practice. Examines assumptions that adventure education promotes personal growth, that learning from adventure experiences transfers to other areas, and that adventure education…

Group Adventure Initiative Tasks require the successful completion of a group task or objective and then provide debriefing and reflection on group processes and individual behaviors. A model of responsible action provides a framework for debriefing by charting behaviors and outcomes of choosing to respond to a situation as "victim"…

This article examines ways in which intuitive understandings may help teachers in developing the thinking of pupils with autism. The article suggests that, by working toward students' development of an autobiographical memory, it may be possible for them to establish an awareness of their own role as a problem solver. (JDD)