This is a revised version of a 1969 bibliography dealing with the characteristics of the market system serving low-income consumers, with programs designed to improve the market system and with problems in low income marketing. This version contains 326 classified, annotated entries. The bibliography covers the following major areas: (1)…

The psychological effects of exercise training are difficult to study in humans, but analogous emotionality changes in animals can be studied using simple measurements employed in emergence and open-field tests. The basis of these tests is that animals that are more emotional are more fearful when placed in a novel situation and will exhibit less…

A review of the literature indicates that on the topic of women's participation in the labor force, the attention of the economics profession has been directed more heavily toward analyses of the supply rather than analyses of either the demand or the interaction between the two. Detailed information on wages, employment and attitudes would…

In order to discover the effects of success and failure on subsequent aggressiveness, 26 male and 55 female college students were randomly assigned to success, failure, and neutral conditions. Those in the success condition were led to feel they were superior to other college students on a task, those in the failure condition were led to feel they…

This investigation tested the hypothesis that the probabilistic structure underlying psychotherapy interviews is Markovian. The "goodness of fit" of a first-order Markov chain model to actual therapy interviews was assessed using a x squared test of homogeneity, and by generating by Monte Carlo methods empirical sampling distributions of…

The contention of this study is that persons perceive and interpret the behavior sequences of others differently as a function of the relative degree of their own experience and feeling of personal causation. Subjects were 96 paid female graduate students, representing the two extreme groups on the Rotter's Internal External Scale (I-E). All I's…

A sample of 769 students (male and female, black and white), enrolled in natural science, mathematics, business, and remedial reading classes at an urban community college were studied to explore the relationship (1) between racially militant beliefs of black (and white) college students and beliefs they hold about the control of their environment…

Schoolmen across the country are finding that not only teachers and students but taxpayers show signs of recognizing that carpet as a school floor covering may offer more function than frill in assessment of the product; however, many architects and schoolmen are withholding final judgment because not enough carpeted schools have been around long…

Patterns of psychoactive drug usage of students at a heterogeneous university were surveyed in 1968, and the Class of 1972 was twice resurveyed. Changes included increases in use of all drugs within the Class of 1972 and between juniors of 1968 and 1970 for popular drugs other than alcohol. Later starting students were somewhat less likely to be…

Communicative anxiety, its corresponding avoidance behavior, and the relationship of the two to communication performance in the small group are investigated. Various definitions of anxiety are discussed. Objectives of the study are to increase knowledge in the area of anxiety reduction, avoidance behavior and communication performance by (1)…

Data is brought to bear on the social influence hypothesis, according to which the behavior of one bystander influences other bystanders by providing information leading to a definition of the situation. The study placed a subject in an emergency situation in which one of 3 confederates served as a model: (1) male peer; (2) female peer; or (3)…

A 2x2 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the effects of 2 interventions designed to reduce face-saving in a situation which normally produces such behavior. Face-saving, defined as sacrificing tangible (monetary) rewards to avoid public embarrassment, was measured by the length of time subjects publicly performed an embarrassing task.…

Since many acts of aggression in society are more than simply an aggressor-victim encounter, the role played by third person instigated aggression also needs examination. The purpose of this study was to develop a laboratory procedure to systematically investigate instigation. In a competitive reaction time task, high and low Machiavellian Males…

Fixation and regression were considered complementary by Freud. You tend to regress to a point of fixation. They are both opposed to progression. In the general area, Anna Freud has written (The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence. London: Hogarth and the Psycho-Analytic Institute, 1937), Sears has evaluated (Survey of Objective Studies of…

Denial was a mechanism that Sigmund Freud worked with in his clinical practice and in his formulation of personality. He considered denial, e.g., in his papers on Repression (1915) and on Fetishism (1927) in Collected Papers, Volumes IV and V respectively (London: Hogarth and The Institute of Psycho-Analysis, 1925 and 1950 respectively). It would…