Public service employment is a cost-effective fiscal remedy in terms of jobs created within the first 12 months. Its effectiveness is enhanced if participants come from welfare or unemployment compensation programs. Other positive attributes are low inflationary impact and ability to be targeted to areas or groups. (SK)

Suggests the effects of poverty may be more debilitating on rural youth than on urban youth due to differences in background, i.e., lower educational level of parents, lower family income, cultural isolation, fewer social services, and marriage at an earlier age. Discusses health problems, housing inadequacies, and fatherless families. (AH)

Oftentimes racial/religious/colour/sex stereotypes are more cherished by teachers than getting to know a new pupil by observing carefully for individual strengths and weaknesses in language, academics, health, social skills and self-esteem. (ERB)

Different cultural and historical developments between North and South Nigeria and in areas within the two regions are described to explain why attitudes toward Western education differ and why educational imbalances exist between social classes and the sexes. Certain measures to reduce such inequalities are proposed. (Author/MJL)

The New York State Experimental Prekindergarten Program, which operates in 52 school districts, is designed to reduce potential educational deficits of economically disadvantaged children. This article reports on the program's effects on cognitive functioning of children in their kindergarten years and discusses implications for educational…

Two rebuttals to William Cooley's criticisms of Title I programs in the January 1981 issue of "Educational Leadership" claim he incorrectly interpreted the data on the effectiveness of the programs. Cooley responds. (MLF)

Outlines some of the achievements of the Summer Program for Economically Disadvantaged Youth (SPEDY) during the summer of 1978. Four programs in Virginia, Minnesota, Texas, and Washington are examined not because they are exemplary but because they illustrate what is happening in some of the better youth employment programs around the country. (CT)

Holds that the occupation of abandoned urban dwellings by squatters is an outgrowth of bureaucratic inflexibility, discrimination, and social-spatial exclusion. Discusses the history of squatting as a social movement in Great Britain since the late 1960s. (GC)

Examines changes in incidences of poverty among the aged using measures that include in-kind public and private transfers, tax liabilities, and a share of net worth. Alternative poverty threshold indicators are suggested for use with the improved economic-status measure. These changes make possible alternative estimates of progress against poverty…

Municipal hospitals traditionally serve the politically weak. Unless an educational effort can be mounted to inform the general public of the important and irreplaceable role fulfilled by these hospitals, the poor may find themselves without services or with inadequate services. (Author/GC)

The use of physical violence on students affronts democratic values and infringes on individual rights; furthermore, a study of school violence found a high correlation between physical punishment and violent behavior of students. (Author/MLF)

Initial interviews between lawyers in a legal-services-for-the-poor program and their clients were observed in order to discover relative degrees of power and to describe the process of exercising control in professional-client relations. (Author)

The article examines the impact of poverty and cultural background on the educational attainment of children. It is concluded that each factor uniquely influences mediating variables which determine educability and, ultimately, educational attainment. (Author/PHR)

"Earnings capacity" is suggested as an alternative to "annual money income" as an indicator of economic status. The socioeconomic and demographic determinants of poverty as measured by earnings capacity and by annual money income are compared and contrasted. (WL)

Tests a crucial assumption in the debate between those who advocate ghetto development and those who advocate ghetto dispersal: that the suburban jobs held by urban poverty-area residents are economically superior to the jobs held by those who both live and work in the poverty area. An analysis of data from the 1970 Census Employment Survey finds…