Argues that developmental psychologists need attitudes, methods, and conceptual schemes that integrate the distinctive contributions of both nature and nurture in order to study change and consistency in developmental functions, as well as individual differences in behaviors of interest. A conceptual scheme for early mental development is…

The methods and problems of research on the psychology of death include ethical difficulties, the conceptual poverty and oversimplification of most rating systems, and an overemphasis on anxiety and fear. The changes resulting from death education or therapy and their relation to modes of denial should be studied. (Author)

Tn the context of earlier work on the Cambridge-Somerville Youth Study (which ran from 1935-1945 and involved 325 predelinquent boys and a matched set of controls), J. McCord's recent 30-year follow-up is seen as raising issues with respect to the controlled experiment as a basis for evaluation and study of psychotherapeutic effects. (Author/PHR)

Conceptual and methodological guidelines for voice therapy research are presented, and suggestions are offered for selecting experimental designs. Divergent terminology, philosophy, and issues of voice therapy are examined to serve as an overview and as a basis for research direction. (Author/DLS)

Data indicate that absolute summer achievement decline is not common. Relative decline, where low achievers do not keep pace over the summer with their peers, is common. Finally, attendance at summer school appears to have no strong ameliorative effect on achievement, either short-term or longer-term. (Author/MLF)

The effects of sampling biases upon research studies requiring different time commitments of Ss in mother-infant studies were examined. Twenty mothers who participated in 35 hours of observation were compared with 17 mothers who refused to participate but completed a questionnaire. Questionnaire responses did not differentiate the two groups.…

A review of existing techniques for the analysis of three-way data revealed that none were appropriate to the wide variety of data usually encountered in psychological research, and few were capable of both isolating common information and systematically describing individual differences. Such a model is developed and evaluated. (Author/JKS)

Noting America's traditional domination of educational research topics and methods, the author looks at recent attempts to enhance collaboration with: crossnational, multinational, and international projects. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of each, he concludes that multinational collaboration--the sharing of techniques--currently…

A careful review of methodological principles provides a reasonable framework for beginning to sort out the apparently contradictory studies of the psychological consequences of natural disasters. (Author)

The article comments critically on a previous article entitled "A Quota System for Gifted Minority Children: A Viable Solution." Some methodological considerations of that study are briefly discussed, focusing on identification and screening procedures. (DLS)

Examines the prevalence of inflated Type I error in counseling research and recommends wider use of multivariate statistics to correct the problem. Type I error becomes inflated beyond acceptable levels when researchers perform individual univariate statistics on each of several dependent variables within a single project. (Author)

Effective teaching is not a concept which can be separated from the person who is teaching. Scholars who abstract observed teaching behaviors to create an objective, error-free, fictitious "effective teacher" don't seem to realize the quantitative and qualitative differences between their nonhuman creation and a living teacher. (SJL)

Four recent factor analytic studies of the Litwin and Stringer Organizational Climate Questionnaire (LSOCQ) are compared. Although there is somewhat more intra- than inter-organizational replicability of factors, both comparisons raise considerable doubt about the validity of the Litwin and Stringer instrument. (Author)

Because educational researchers are becoming interested in the uses of ethnographic field methods, the author examines some of the theoretical disputes and methodological problems being experienced in contemporary anthropology, such as hypothesis testing, observer bias, and reliability. (Part of a theme issue on anthropology of education.) (SJL)

Reveals the lack of research on children's writing and suitable writing instruction in the last 25 years. Points out the inadequacies in the research that is being done and the need for better research methods that take writing context and environment into account. (HTH)