We examine the impact of local labor market shocks and state unemployment insurance (UI) policies on student discipline in U.S. public schools. Analyzing school-level discipline data and firm-level layoffs in 23 states, we find that layoffs have little effect on discipline rates on average. However, effects differ across the UI benefit…

The Child Care and Development Fund (CCDF) subsidizes child care costs to help low-income families afford care. Reimbursements for cost-subsidized care are paid to child care providers; however, per-child reimbursements are extremely low compared with market rates and actual cost of care. We examine how the 2014 CCDF reauthorization, which…

Prior studies have documented the pattern of decreased state funding for higher education in periods of economic contraction (i.e., the balance wheel phenomenon). This qualitative case study examines how policymakers in California and Texas made decisions about funding higher education at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, when policymakers faced…

The fruits of gender ideology seem to spring up almost everywhere. It seems routine when a conservative journalist uncovers yet another banner celebrating "Young Trans Joy" on school grounds. It is all too easy to find footage online of a school district hosting a drag queen event or of a rainbow-spangled teacher explaining how he, she,…

This resource provides a national comparison of state policies and activities related to secondary career and technical education (CTE). "Does the State Have a CTE Diploma or CTE Diploma Designation? 50-State Comparison: Secondary Career and Technical Education" includes information on states that allow certifications, endorsements or…

This resource provides a national comparison of state policies and activities related to secondary career and technical education (CTE). Across states, a variety of parties are responsible for the establishment or approval of secondary CTE programs. Establishment and approval authorities include state boards of education, state superintendents or…

Assessments are one of the most important--and often misunderstood--elements of education. In most cases, tests are administered by the state as well as by districts and schools. Assessments at each of these levels have distinct purposes, yield different information, and are part of a powerful, coordinated approach to improving student outcomes.…

Arising from a research-based, comprehensive school transformation strategy, community schools organize in- and out-of-school resources and supports such as mental health services, meals, health care, tutoring, internships, and other learning and career opportunities to fit specific community needs. Through this strategy, students, families,…

Background: The weight-normative approach to nutrition education dominates health education programming across the United States, despite evidence that this paradigm contributes to negative outcomes including weight cycling, bias and stigma, the development of disordered eating behaviors, and weight-based bullying. Methods: This study investigates…

The U.S. law governing special education, the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), requires that students with disabilities be provided a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) in the least restrictive environment (LRE). However, given the interpretive latitude within the law and the wide discrepancy in how this law is applied,…

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to elicit salient information from K-5 teachers regarding their perceptions of in-school play. Play is not goal-focused and can be structured or unstructured, includes high or low physical activity, or utilizes gross or fine motor skills, and children participate in play for enjoyment. Method: K-5 teachers (n…

This article presents a synthesized historiography of higher education in American prisons, exploring interactions of federal, state, and institution-level policies within six specific states: California, Illinois, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York, and Texas. We define considerations for researchers, policymakers, and advocates regarding…

This narrative case study focuses on one state's (Georgia) interaction with and eventual rejection of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), which led to the development of the Georgia Standards of Excellence for Science (GSES). We believe that the evolution of policy development, such as standards, should be a concern for all science…

Although the COVID pandemic dramatically expanded K-12 remote learning in its first years, little is known about the lasting effects on virtual schooling policies and practices. Drawing on evolutionary theories of change and qualitative data from 2019 to 2022, we explore this topic in Oregon, a state with a long history of virtual schools. We find…

Students with disabilities (SWDs) continue to face significant barriers in postsecondary education, despite federal mandates such as IDEA, ADA, and Section 504. This study explores the role of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) and systemic transition support in mitigating disparities in enrollment, retention, and degree completion for SWDs.…