In continuous testing programs, some items are repeatedly used across test administrations, and statistical methods are often used to evaluate whether items become compromised due to examinees' preknowledge. In this study, we proposed a residual method to detect compromised items when a test can be partitioned into two subsets of items: secure…

Documentaries are a unique form of filmmaking. It allows for the common man/woman to address large, important issues that are able to shake society. It involves a small portion of power as it addresses a wide range of subject matters such as history, anthropology, trends, as well as, social and political constructs, ethical issues and moral…

The history of giftedness pertains to historical changes regarding how giftedness is conceptualized and defined, and how it serves the practical purpose of identifying gifted children and providing them an appropriate education. The past century has witnessed debates and controversies about what constitutes this elusive human quality we deem…

In information gathering interviews, follow-up questions are asked to clarify and extend initial witness accounts. Across two experiments, we examined the efficacy of open-ended questions following an account about a multi-perpetrator event. In Experiment 1, 50 mock-witnesses used the timeline technique or a free recall format to provide an…

Few studies have investigated eyewitnesses' ability to predict their later lineup performance, known as "predecision confidence." We applied calibration analysis in two experiments comparing predecision confidence (immediately after encoding but prior to a lineup) to postdecision confidence (immediately after a lineup) to determine which…

Contract cheating -- outsourcing student assignments for a fee -- presents a growing threat to the integrity of higher education. As contract cheating is based on students purchasing assignments that are original (albeit not created by the student), traditional plagiarism detection tools remain insufficient to detect contract cheating. Part of the…

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) screening at 18 and 24 months. However, utility of rescreening at 24 months, after a negative 18-month screening, remains unknown. We identified cases of ASD detected at 24 months after a negative 18-month screening (i.e., Catch-24 group; n = 10) and compared them to…

While grades and course load are the top factors in the college admission decision, highlighting special talents or skills can help students stand out in a crowded applicant pool. Counselors and students must put considerable thought into how an applicant will highlight their talents in a college application. Students should start by identifying…

Does reviewing previous answers during multiple-choice exams help examinees increase their final score? This article formalizes the question using a rigorous causal framework, the potential outcomes framework. Viewing examinees' reviewing status as a treatment and their final score as an outcome, the article first explains the challenges of…

Although intelligence tests are among the most widely used psychological instruments in school psychology, at the current time, little is known about how practitioners interpret them. The primary purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine how intelligence tests are interpreted by school psychologists, particularly for the identification of…

In this study, the authors analyzed the relationship between emotions and the construction of identities, particularly national identity. We reviewed the current debate on the role of emotions and feelings in people's actions and in the configuration of their worldviews and practical actions. The world is witnessing a revival of ideologies that…

Children hold rich essentialist beliefs about natural and social categories, representing them as discrete (mutually exclusive with sharp boundaries) and stable (with membership remaining constant over an individual's lifespan). Children use essential categories to make inductive inferences about individuals. How do children determine what…

Despite several advantages of online education, lack of effective student-instructor interaction, especially when students need timely help, poses significant pedagogical challenges. Motivated by this, we address the problems of automatically identifying posts that express confusion or urgency from Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) forums. To this…

While the federal Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (WIOA) plays a role in workforce development, state policymakers actively seek ways beyond WIOA requirements to connect education with workforce development. As states work to align their workforce needs with appropriate education and training, they frequently do so by identifying…

Nearly 4 in 10 children report experiencing maltreatment by adulthood. Early detection mitigates maltreatment's negative effects. Yet factors that drive early detection remain understudied. We examine one possible source of early detection: educators in school settings. Administrative data on reports of child maltreatment across the U.S. over a…