This paper suggests that logic consists of a collection of propositions and operations of negation, conjunction, disjunction, implication, and equivalence. It points out that the operations on dispositions depend upon the truth-value of the propositions involved. This raises the questions, How do we know whether a proposition is true or false? and…

Previous studies stressed the importance of half as an anchor in performing proportion and probability tasks. Thus, it can be supposed that this reference can help children when adding fractions. This possibility is examined in this investigation, contrasting two situations: one in which half is presented as an anchor during the solution of adding…

The Sympson and Hetter (SH; J. Sympson and R. Hetter; 1985; 1997) method is a method of probabilistic item exposure control in computerized adaptive testing. Setting its control parameters to admissible values requires an iterative process of computer simulations that has been found to be time consuming, particularly if the parameters have to be…

Item-exposure control in computerized adaptive testing is implemented by imposing item-ineligibility constraints on the assembly process of the shadow tests. The method resembles J. Sympson and R. Hetter's (1985) method of item-exposure control in that the decisions to impose the constraints are probabilistic. However, the method does not require…

This paper describes a collaborative research study designed to determine whether well-constructed tasks in mathematical inquiry with the use of methods in dialogic discourse help students' retention of mathematical concepts in probability. The paper reports on an experiment conducted in two classrooms in an urban school district in the Pacific…

Intrinsic motivation is usually regarded as a significant determinant of the use of elaborative and metacognitive learning strategies that, in turn, foster the acquisition of well-structured and transferable knowledge. In studies testing this assumption the following pattern of results is usually obtained: Intrinsic motivation is significantly…

This book provides a resource for mathematics teachers to understanding the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics' (NCTM) standards and implementing these standards in their teaching. Five standards are overviewed: (1) number and operation; (2) algebra; (3) geometry; (4) measurement; and (5) data analysis and probability. Lesson plans are…

This report presents mathematics benchmarks organized into instructional sequences by topic. Each sequence is based upon an analysis of the order of content as it appears among a set of highly rated state standards. The report is intended to inform and guide state or district curriculum directors or others who, starting from content that is placed…

In a nonmetric multiple-cue probability learning task involving 2 binary cue dimensions, it was found that Ss can learn to use configural or pattern information (a) when only the configural information is relevant, and in addition to the configural information, one or both of the cue dimensions are relevant. (Author/RK)

A mathematical model of a soccer-league competition results is set up and investigated using simple randomization techniques. The hypothesis that winning the league championship was purely luck was statistically tested. (JP)

Study suggested that a new research orientation be followed, that is, in addition to studying to learn the investigator of memory should start to establish the empirical laws of learning to forget. (Editor/RK)

The main purpose of the present experiment was to study whether the lack of correlation between verbal recall and accuracy of visual recognition of the same, visually presented objects in adult Ss also is characteristic of the performance of young children, or whether results supporting a differentiation hypothesis would be found. (Author)

Expressions for the expected value, density, and distribution function (DF) of GS (gain from selection) are derived and studied in terms of sample size, number of predictors, and the prior distribution assigned to the population multiple correlation. (Author/RK)