Early developmental prevention involves interventions designed to prevent the development of criminal potential in individuals, especially those that target risk and protective factors, in the early years of the life course. Developmental prevention is considered one of the major strategies in preventing delinquency and later offending. There is…

The purpose of this study is to compare attitudes toward inclusion among general education (GE) and special education (SE) teachers. Between 1997 and 2007, many changes took place within the Individuals with Disabilities Act and in 2002 the introduction of No Child Left Behind. This meta-synthesis examines the teacher's attitude towards inclusion.…

Since the 1960s, there have been continuing federal efforts to bring reform to scale in high-poverty elementary and secondary schools across the U.S. This paper traces the evolution of these efforts and discusses their impacts on achievement outcomes. Drawing on evidence from meta-analyses of the Title I evaluation literature and the Comprehensive…

For schools, creating an appropriate learning environment is critical. Edwards (2008) said "an improper learning environment strikes at the heart of the school's purpose" (p. 1). School discipline is extremely important because positive strong learning conditions are critical to student success and disciplinary problems are a continual…

This is a summary of 300 plus studies from Marzano Research Laboratory (MRL) on instructional strategies. This report synthesizes a series of action research projects conducted between the fall of 2004 and the spring of 2009. The data used for analysis can be found in MRL's Action Research Meta-Analysis Database. Appended are: (1) Instructions for…

Magnitude of effect (ME) statistics are an important alternative to statistical significance. Why methodologists encourage the use of ME indices as interpretation aids is explained, and different types of ME statistics are discussed. The basic concepts underlying effect size measures are reviewed, and how to compute them from published reports…

Using learning theory approaches and definitions of persuasion generated from learning theorists, a study examined the effects of anxiety on message-induced persuasion by using meta-analytic techniques to quantitatively assess the effect of anxiety manipulation in persuasive situations. Studies used in the meta-analysis were similar in context and…

The early and recent history of meta-analysis is outlined. After providing a definition of meta-analysis and listing its major characteristics, developments in statistics and research are described that influenced the formulation of modern meta-analytic methods. Major meta-analytic methods currently in use are described. Statistical and other…

Statistical analysis of many studies on Piaget's stage 4 object concept attempts to synthesize available quantitative data. Factors of this "meta-analysis" include: (1) effects of age; (2) number of A trials; (3) length of delay between hiding and search; (4) number of locations; and (5) visual properties of hiding arrays. Includes…

Presents 40 questions, commentaries, and rebuttals on the generalizability of validities of employment tests of cognitive abilities and meta analysis. (BL)

Examined the relation between a counselor's conceptual level (CL) and the counseling process. Counselors who were matched with a compatible environment performed better than those who were mismatched. Low-CL individuals performed significantly better in more highly structured environments, whereas high-CL individuals showed only a slight…

Meta-analysis, applying data analysis to quantitative summaries of individual studies, is described in terms of procedures and advantages (inclusiveness and examination of interactions across studies) for special education research. (CL)

During the 1990s, the use of meta-analytic methods in educational research has been widespread, and few aspects of education have escaped the meta-analytic revolution. The acceptance has not been complete, however, and several threats to validity remain. Prominent among these are the "normality" problem and the "independence"…

The Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (MARS) (F. Richardson and R. Suinn, 1972) was submitted to a reliability generalization analysis to characterize the variability of measurement error in MARS scores across administrations and to identify possible study characteristics that are predictive of reliability variation. The meta-analysis was performed…

Two general categories comprise the various effect size indices that have been proposed for use in meta-analysis: (1) the "d"-type estimator (based on magnitude of mean difference); and (2) the "r"-type estimator (based on magnitude of correlation). In meta-analyses, researchers often must convert these effect size indices to a common metric to…