Infants were familiarized with plastic animals from one of two categories (land or sea) that were judged similar or variable by adults. Infants were then tested with novel animals from the same or a different category. Thirteen-month-olds in the similar familiarization condition dishabituated to novel animals of a different category and, to a…

Challenges conclusions about infants' cognitive processing from prior research in favor of the importance of perceptual processes and the effects of stimulus novelty and familiarization. Considers problems with the two-test habituation design of earlier studies and proposes a new methodology that eliminates those problems. Describes a study the…

Explores the differences between science students' and teachers' perceptions of laboratory environments. Surveyed more than 1000 junior high school students and their science teachers in Taiwan and concludes that students are more dissatisfied with approaches to laboratory activities than their teachers. Suggests epistemological views as one of…

Two studies investigated development of infants' visual preferences for the human body shape. Results indicated that 18-month-olds had a reliable preference for scrambled body shapes over typical body shapes in line drawings, while 12- and 15-month-olds did not respond differentially. In condition using photographs, only 18-month-olds had reliable…

Before and 1 month after age awareness workshops, 200 British participants took the Palmore Aging Quiz and Fraboni Scale of Ageism. Palmore scores significantly improved but Fraboni scores were unchanged. Results suggest that increased awareness improves factual knowledge but does not change attitudes toward aging and older people. (Contains 18…

Investigated the ability to discriminate the middle and low tone contrasts in Thai in two groups of native English speakers and a control group of native Thai speakers. The first group were native English speakers who had no prior experience with Thai, the second group were experienced learners of Thai. Variables included experience with Thai,…

Reviews evidence concerning school psychology practitioners, graduate students, program graduates, degree levels, roles, and supply-demand relationships. Historical trends and current directions were identified with tentative projections to the future. School psychology in 2000 can be characterized as practiced primarily by specialist-level…

Ten listeners with normal hearing and ten older adults with sensorineural hearing impairment were tested on a speech-recognition task requiring across-frequency integration of temporal speech information. Listeners with hearing impairment performed more poorly with synchronous across-frequency information, suggesting a particular difficulty…

This study examined whether the perceptual weights of 40 children and adults with hearing loss differ from those of normal hearing counterparts. Results revealed child-adult differences in overall performance and also revealed an effect of hearing loss. However, the pattern of perceptual weights was similar across groups under most conditions.…

Uses classroom observations and interviews to examine three kindergarten teachers' perceptions, focusing on gender-related differences in the balance between home and work and the development of internalized commitment. Suggests ways to make teaching a more aesthetic experience for family caregivers. Includes 19 references. (MLH)

The article proposes helping visually handicapped clients make optimal use of remaining vision for travel in unmodified environments. Structured discovery learning exercises covering pattern recognition, depth perception, central acuity, and central field vision with peripheral field loss are offered. (Author/DB)

Eighty-two elementary school children with attention deficit disorder (ADD) and dyslexia made more errors than 83 normally reading children with ADD on a test of rhyme and alliteration. A subgroup of dyslexic children who were sensitive to rhyme and alliteration scored higher than other dyslexic children on a test of spatial ability. (Author/DB)

Twenty-five older adults with age-related macular degeneration were separated into one of three groups: in-clinic training, take-home-training, or no-training. After testing, results showed that the ability to distinguish figure from ground is an improvable skill with the take-home group improving the most. (Author/DB)

Used multidimensional scaling to examine dimensions underlying strain between rehabilitation counselors and job coaches. Counselors (N=36) rated 23 potential job-coach functions. Found these dimensions which rehabilitation counselors may perceive as role strain with job coaches: teaching versus coordination tasks, general versus client-specific…

The article describes a tool to increase professional effectiveness in supervisory conferencing in speech-language pathology based on the dual areas of role expectations for clinicians and personal needs as derived from Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The conferencing questionnaire aids in recognizing the needs of the supervisee, stating problems,…