Developed a framework for describing and assessing the qualities of sibling relationships by interviewing upper elementary school children and administering a self-report questionnaire to fifth- and sixth-grade children. Component analysis yielded four underlying factors: warmth/closeness, relative status/power, conflict, and rivalry. Relative…

Infants were tested in three studies of the acquisition and long-term retention of category-specific information. Results document retention of category-specific information after intervals of two weeks. (PCB)

The authors examined the relationship between the number and meaningfulness of roles performed and life satisfaction in a sample of 112 noninstitutionalized elderly persons. Results suggest a positive, significant relationship between life satisfaction and the number of roles performed and the level of involvement in meaningful roles. (Author/CH)

Examined how Parisian adolescents (N=403) perceived their relationships. Found that images in test drawings associated with the fantasies of attraction toward the other sex, along with the ambiguities which characterize adolescence, rather than the reality of their relationships, influenced the subjects' responses. (Author/ABB)

Investigates multiple trends in perceptual development of kindergarten, second grade, and fifth grade children who performed a speeded card sorting task with spatially integrated versus spatially separated dimensions. Results strongly support the hypothesis that there are developmental differences in perceived structure as well as ability to…

Questions why teachers persist in using red-ink pencils to mark students' papers. Draws parallels between psychological impact of red ink and associations with blood, violence, and horror. (NEC)

Four experiments studied the perception of the unity and boundaries of objects by 88 4-month-old infants who manipulated them out of the visual field. Infants perceived the unity/boundaries of these objects by detecting the motion patterns they themselves produced. Discrimination between motion patterns transferred from touch to vision. (SLD)

Used a set of six measures to analyze both the products and process of spatial grouping in 40 children between the ages of 18 and 42 months. Results confirmed and elaborated on previously established developmental findings for each measure. (SKC)

Investigated preschoolers' understanding of two distance principles: the direct-indirect and the same-plus principle. Children did better on tasks relevant to the principles than on principle-irrelevant tasks. Concluded that even young children conceive of distance as fixed intervals. (SKC)

Describes a method for demonstrating dichotic listening tasks in the classroom which involves substituting live readers for tape recorded messages to allow direct student observation of various selective attention phenomena. Concludes that live readers offer pedagogical benefits that make them superior to tape recorded dichotic listening tasks.…

Examined women's perceived life roles relative to locus of control among 71 female undergraduates from traditional and nontraditional academic majors. Found differences in perceived life roles of women pursuing nontraditional and traditional academic majors relative to locus of control. (Author/NB)

Sixty mothers of four- through 12-year-old children rated the (1) environmental versus dispositional basis of their child's behavior; (2) behavior's probable origins, cross-situational consistancy, and temporal stability; (3) child's controllability; and (4) personal responsibility for engaging in each behavior. Findings suggested a positive bias…

Race and gender's impact on self-esteem among youth is examined. Generally, minorities tend to have lower levels of self-esteem than whites on public (intelligence) traits, but higher levels for private (satisfaction with self) traits. Black, Native American, and Asian women have higher levels for public traits than their male counterparts. (JMM)

This study explored the expectations of principals and teachers for the functions of principals. Sixty-one principals and 120 teachers listed five things principals do frequently, the five most important things they should do, and the five most important skills/abilities they need. Results are discussed. (MT)

Explored the relationship between cognitive development and perceptions of environmental press using the Allen (l983) Paragraph Completion Instrument and a version of the Classroom Environment Scale by Moos and Trickett (l974). Persons functioning at varying levels of cognitive development (dualism, multiplicity, late multiplicity, and relativism)…