Using general recognition theory, a new theory of similarity is developed, postulating that perceived similarity is determined by distributional overlap. This theory is related to existing theories of similarity. Three experiments using a total of 19 university students are presented, testing the empirical validity of the theory. (SLD)

Among 294 children of three to eight years, tactual oddity learning increased gradually with age. The finding of bidirectional cross-modal transfer of oddity learning supported the suggestion that such transfer occurs when training and transfer oddity tasks share a common vehicle dimension. Results are considered consistent with the view that…

Examines the strategies people employ to deal with the face- and interaction-threatening implications of argumentative behavior. Explores the joint influence of individual differences in perceivers' interpersonal construct systems and message producers' communication strategies on the content and structure of impressions of message producers. (MS)

Discusses techniques for studying large-scale brain activity, insights from computational modeling, and cognitive processes that could lead to a better understanding of cognition. Describes interactions between psychology and physiology in perception, structural levels of organization in the nervous system, techniques and research strategies. (RT)

Illustrated are landmarks in the development of speechreading and its role in speech perception by individuals with impaired hearing. Covered are historical influences from 1450 to the present and issues in teaching/learning speechreading, such as the most effective unit of analysis for instruction and the impact of linguistic context. (JDD)

Interpreters at urban nature centers were asked to recall and list fears expressed by students on field trips to wildland areas. Anxiety reactions from students suggest that interpretive programs for some students may be corrective instead of formative. (LZ)

Children and adults were tested on their beliefs about whether visual processes involved intromissions (visual input) or extramissions (visual output) across a variety of situations. Results were inconsistent with the idea that simple experiences increase or reinforce a coherent theory of vision and have implications for understanding the nature…

Research conducted by the Center for Arts in the Basic Curriculum shows arts-integrated schools are the most promising way to improve American education. CABC's work is based on three principles: arts are cognitive domains triggering multiple forms of learning; effective arts education is an important educator model; and arts education will…

Four-year-olds' and adults' inferences based on shared conceptual properties, category labels, and perceptual information were assessed in four experiments. Stimuli included novel and familiar animals. Found that children made attribute-based inductions as well as category-based inductions, and that perceptual similarity consistently influenced…

Discusses issues of ethnocentricity that arise during the process of translation, the concepts of foreignizing and domesticating, editorial intervention in translated works, the proper cultural role of the translator, the Narcissistic Concept as it pertains to translation, American attitudes towards other cultures, and other related topics. (CK)

Visual scanning patterns of 17 students with mental retardation and control groups matched for chronological or mental age were recorded during visuomotor tasks. Results suggested that subjects paid more attention to penpoints than to the succeeding or passed points of a model line, indicating that they have a poorer ability to process more than…

Identifies and describes "clinification syndrome," process where art therapists gradually cease making art as clinical skills become primary career focus. Sees priorities of training programs and policies of American Art Therapy Association as contributing to this trend. Offers suggestions to anchor art therapy students and beginning professionals…

Interviews with nine married or widowed farm women in South Island, New Zealand, examined the women's perceptions about their involvement and roles in household and farm labor, farm management, and farm ownership. Discusses issues such as control of women's involvement by men and the lack of recognition of women as farm operators. (SV)

This study investigated the relationship between creative interests and dream recall frequency (DRF) by having 44 adults complete dream recall journals as well as a verbal creativity test. Results indicate that persons with both visual and verbal creative skills remember their dreams more. Visual memory may be a mediating variable between…

A study measuring average evoked potentials in 21 college students finds that intelligence test scores correlate significantly with the difference between string length in attended and nonattended conditions, a finding that suggests that previous inconsistencies in reporting string length-intelligence correlations may have resulted from confound…