Investigated the relative effects of developmental level and domain-specific knowledge on 4- to 9-year-olds' ability to identify and make similarity decisions about objects based on haptic or tactile information. Found that older children explored models more exhaustively, found more differentiating features, and made fewer errors than younger…

Investigates perceptions of the universe of (n=232) first-year physics students from two South African universities. Compared results with Aristotelian and Newtonian views as well as with those of children as revealed in a literature survey. Results also showed that a statistically significant larger number of African than European students have…

This study tested the role of visual processing speed and IQ in reading with 124 children either with or without reading disability. Results indicated that processing speed explains a significant amount of variance in reading comprehension, as does IQ. Path analyses indicated that the effect of IQ on reading is partially mediated by decoding in…

Investigated the relationship between auditory temporal processing of nonspeech sounds and phonological awareness ability in 8- to 12-year-olds with a reading disability, placed in groups based on performance on Tallal's tone-order judgment task. Found that a tone-order deficit did not relate to performance on order processing of speech sounds, to…

Tasks assessing perception of auditory temporal and nontemporal cues were administered to children with reading disorders (RD) with or without attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or with ADHD alone. The presence of RD was associated only with a deficit in detection of a tone onset time synchrony. The presence of ADHD was associated with a…

This study compared the speech-in-noise perception abilities of children with (n=63) and without (n=36) learning disabilities (LD) when either speaking style (conversational vs. clear) or signal-to-noise ratio was varied. Children with LD had poorer overall sentence-in-noise perception. The clear speech condition was sufficient to improve some LD…

Findings from a study in which twins were given tests of onward repetition and auditory processing are discussed. Children with specific language impairments were impaired on both measures, but deficits had different origins. Auditory processing problems showed no evidence of genetic influence, whereas the nonword repetition deficit was highly…

Despite variety in the culture of the sciences, certain processes of knowledge construction are common throughout. Examination of how disciplinary identities are produced through rhetoric and how assessments of certainty and uncertainty are made across disciplines suggests that disciplines should not be regarded as fixed structures but as flexible…

Eighteen adult listeners assessed whether stuttering samples were authentic or simulated. Results support the concepts that the production of stuttered and nonstuttered speech disruptions are experienced as being qualitatively different; only stutterers can validly recognize the difference, and only when it occurs; stuttering is a…

Psychometric functions (PFD) for the detection of pure tones were obtained from 10 adolescent and young adult listeners with normal hearing and 10 adult listeners with sensorineural impairments of presumed cochlear origin. The slopes of the PFDs were abnormally steep in some of the hearing-impaired listeners but were statistically significant only…

Used Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and demographic data form to investigate relationship between job satisfaction and actual/desired role functioning and perceived control over role functioning among school psychologists. Results indicated that school psychologists spent more time in assessment activities than they desired and less time in…

The study provides descriptive data on use of the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Cognitive Ability with 39 adults with closed head injury. Correlational analyses indicated significant relationships between coma duration and performance on the Perceptual Speed and Memory clusters of the test. Time since injury did not correlate with test results.…

Investigated existence of gender differences in perceptions of availability of intrinsic and extrinsic job outcome factors in male-dominated, female-dominated, and sex-neutral occupations in undergraduate college students (N=216). Determined perceptions differed as a function of subject gender and occupational sex-type; importance of job outcome…

Evaluated college students' (N=60) perceptions of victims of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) based on how the victim contracted the disease. Found in nondeterioration condition victims contracting AIDS via sexual encounters or illicit drug injection were perceived as less trustworthy, less moral, and less desirable as a prospective…

Content analysis of the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale and the Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI) revealed differences in the nature of perceptual and conceptual items. Both language-impaired and normal-language children performed significantly better on perceptual-type than conceptual-type items. The predominance of perceptual items was…