Reviews mental health counseling literature for descriptions of practice settings, mental health conceptual models, role descriptions, and essential knowledge and skills. Proposes mental health counseling definition that incorporates common elements from the review. Concludes with proposal for resolving mental health counseling's severe identity…

Evaluated role expectancies in essential nursing services of nursing home professional and relatives of residents. Although findings revealed significant agreement between groups, areas existed where families deemed themselves responsible for task but staff expectations were incongruent. Provides analysis of this process and discusses steps to…

Presents procedure, mixed-radix positional number algorithm, for reducing set of numerous changes and stabilities in multiple roles at given time to a single empirical code. Demonstrates applicability and utility of procedure to wide array of complex family analyses through a simple pedagogical example. (Author/NB)

Investigated contents of communications between supervisors and subordinates in the context of occupational stress as potential forms of social support for registered nurses (N=225). Determined nurses' perceptions of social support from their supervisors (functional social support) were more closely related to positive job-related communications…

Because the first educational reform waves were centered at state and school levels, superintendents have been left out of the picture. Excluding the superintendency from overall improvement designs or demeaning its contribution could unravel many change efforts. Superintendents must commit to a well-crafted educational agenda and redefine their…

When chief participants have failed to prepare adequately for negotiations, the resulting contract can be costly to the district. This article describes preparation procedures, such as developing the time table; designating the negotiations team; clarifying board role; reviewing the current contract, grievance cases, and recent legislation; and…

A series of three studies found that increased age was associated with lower levels of performance on tests of spatial visualization by unselected adults and adults with extensive spatial visualization experience. Age-related effects for some aspects of cognitive functioning may be independent of experiential influences. (RH)

In 3 experiments, 2 year olds imitated sentences that contained English or non-English functors (articles and verb inflections), and were controlled for suprasegmental and segmental factors. Children omitted English functors more often than non-English functors, thus indicating perceptual sensitivity to familiar elements. (RH)

A task-based and a values-based model used to measure nurses' occupational image were examined. Assessment of the discriminant validity of the values-based model and the generalizability of the task-based model tended to support the latter. (Author/JOW)

Results indicate that seven-month-old infants are sensitive to the depth cues of linear perspective and texture gradients. Self-produced locomotor experience is not necessary for the development of sensitivity to static-monocular depth information. (RJC)

Neuropsychological findings relevant to the question of whether visual imagery is visual or perceptual are reviewed and compared to cognitive psychology theories. Imagery does not appear to represent information acquired through visual sensory channels; rather, it seems to use some of the same neural representational machinery as does vision. (SLD)

Explores some of the difficulties children of alcoholics experience in separating from their homes. Describes relationship fantasies used by adolescents to work through unresolved feelings about their families. Discusses the nature of these fantasy types: nurturance, self-sufficiency, incompetence, perfectionist, revenge, and…

Used ethnographic methodologies in day care setting to explore potential impacts of changing roles and changing dependencies on women, children, and families. Findings suggest various supports for women and families that will enhance the environment of child care and facilitate interactive child development. (Author/NB)

Results of two studies investigating preschool children's ability to infer another person's knowledge or ignorance on the basis of that person's recent perceptual experience suggest that understanding of perception as a source of knowledge is present by the age of three years. (RH)

A total of 46 preschoolers were asked to decide whether two rows of drawings of objects were exactly the same. Results revealed that preschoolers can gather information systematically, and that by age four, the majority are producing, and benefitting from, a strategy that is very efficient for same-different tasks. (RH)