Related research suggests that children may show some simple understanding of event covariations by the early elementary school years. The present experiments use a rule analysis methodology to investigate covariation judgments of children in this age range. In Experiment 1, children in second, third and fourth grade judged covariations on 12…

Research on interpersonal influence within counseling psychology has focused primarily on the characteristics of the counselor. There is a need to study the role of client characteristics in resistance or noncompliance. A review of the literature indicates that most client characteristics associated with noncompliance in therapy can be narrowed…

The Chasen Diagnostic Sex Role Bias Scale was developed to measure sex role bias toward children. The scale was composed of case histories focusing on active or passive behaviors attributed to non-sex identified children. With the use of this scale with school psychologists, variations were found among scores. (DEP)

States which mandate CBTE produce varied reactions in professionals. The range may be from the naive embrace of a panacea, tests in the courts, frustrated ranting and railing, demands for prior research, to a reasoned proposal. The authors offer the later. (Editor)

Differences in developmental trends of symptomatology between 30 adopted children and a matched control group of biological children, all referred to a child guidance clinic and reared within the kibbutz communal educational system, are examined. Results indicate that kibbutz adoptees' symptoms show a specificity different from city adopted…

Secondary school counselors were asked to predict the academic success and choose an appropriate career for four hypothetical cases. Results from analyses of variance and covariance showed that variation in sex and ethnic group designation did not produce variations in counselor evaluations. (Author)

Teachers' professional improvement programs mustbe individualized according to the teacher's self-assessment of the problem and provide for self-involvement in the improvement process. (MW)

A chronicle of controversies over testing (heredity-environment, experimenter bias, social class bias, tests as sorters for schools and society) and the difficulties that ensue when the scholar enters the arena of public policy. The thesis is offered that the hearing given to social evidence and issues depends on the times and the audience, with…

To properly assess the problem of adult literacy in the United States and to develop successful intervention programs, it is critical to view literacy not just as a technical proficiency but as a culturally shaped set of practices engaged in by individuals and groups, literate and illiterate. A successful literacy campaign must incorporate…

Reported are a series of studies revealing developmental and individual differences among preschool children on relationships between gender-based knowledge, gender constancy, gender schematic processing, recognition memories for gender-typed information, and flexibility, sequencing, and understanding of gender scripts. Alternative approaches for…

A knowledge of an individual's preferences is essential to create an effective reward or reinforcer program for individuals who have either a need to reduce maladaptive behaviors or to increase adaptive behaviors. The goal of the Missouri Automated Reinforcer Assessment (MARA) project is to develop an efficient yet thorough automated reinforcer…

Contrasting traditional linear media (in which all learners proceed through the instructional materials in an essentially fixed sequence) with interactive technologies and hypermedia (in which two learners may take different paths through the same instructional materials), this paper highlights the importance of recording and analyzing the…

There is widespread concern about the use and abuse of alcohol and other drugs by adolescents and young adults. It has yet to be determined whether drug use in itself is invariably associated with disruptive or problem use of drugs. Additionally, drug use may vary by frequency and quantity of ingestion which may be differentially related to…

Research has demonstrated that learning style preferences and how they are taken into account are closely related to learner achievement and satisfaction. The Learning Style Inventory (LSI) was the first comprehensive approach to the assessment of an individual's learning style in grades 3 through 12. The Productivity Environmental Preference…