Questions concerning individual differences in learning ability may be more precisely addressed in light of an agreed-upon taxonomy of learning skills. Existing taxonomies are reviewed, and their shortcomings are described. A taxonomy is then proposed based on a synthesis of current thought consisting of four dimensions: the forms of knowledge;…

The purpose of this study was to determine the learning styles of English-as-a-Second-Language (ESL) students and individual differences in learning English idioms via computer assisted language learning (CALL). Thirty-six Hispanic students, 26 Japanese students, and 6 students with various language backgrounds from the Nova University Intensive…

Past research has produced conflicting results concerning the manner in which Type As and Bs make attributions following success and failure. Some studies find that Type As are more likely than Type Bs to blame themselves for all outcomes, particularly failure. Other research indicates that Type As are more self-serving in their post-performance…

This study focuses on identifying factors that contribute to variation in maternal childrearing practices. Of particular interest were parenting practices related to cognitive outcomes during infancy and the early childhood period. It was hypothesized that parenting behavior is multiply determined and that three of the determinants are…

This study sought to determine differences between the attitudes and beliefs of teacher education students from two different teacher education programs in Belgium. A total of 195 students and 77 graduates from the University of Antwerp, and 240 students and 60 graduates from the University of Ghent responded to a questionnaire regarding…

Spouse abuse research has indicated that marital violence occurs in all age groups, among all races, and in all levels of education and social class. To provide further information by comparing battered and exbattered women, 18 battered and 14 exbattered women completed a questionnaire about themselves and their assailants. Information was…

A study of the stability of teacher behavior over time was formulated through two major questions: (1) Is the behavior of an individual teacher consistent over time? and (2) Are individual differences among teachers consistent over time? Regrettably, the first question has rarely been considered in previous investigations of the stability of…

This cross-cultural study examined how students assessed as having different personality types (as designated by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator) define peace, what attitudes these students hold toward peace, and the influence these students feel that have on the future. The sample was 378 students (ages 14-18 years) from West Germany, Poland, the…

Performance aspects of three samples (N=58) of students enrolled in computer science literacy courses for educators were studied. The person-environment congruence concept of Holland's model of vocational behavior was used to predict class performance. The model uses a classification system which arranges six vocational types in a hexagonal…

Austin Independent School District's (AISD's) elementary promotion/retention policy is designed to promote the full development of learners' potential and accommodate individual needs. It requires that all those at least one year behind in reading basals (grades 1-6) or math competencies (grades 4-6) be considered for retention. AISD tries to help…

A review of research on the effects of aging on motor performance provided evidence that age-induced changes within the central nervous system, particularly in the functioning of the non-dominant cortical hemisphere, result in diminished fluid abilities. The loss was most clearly manifested behaviorally as a decreased capacity to perform…

A qualitative study exploring the relationships between gender and world view as they manifested themselves in the experiences of 19 beginning faculty members within an elite research university is described. The study was directed by the following questions: (1) Do women and men interpret differently their experiences as beginning faculty in a…

A comparative study was made of ways in which teacher candidates and their non-teaching counterparts in college differ in their academic and social backgrounds and in their bases for career decisions. Questionnaires were submitted to 146 non-teaching students and 258 teacher candidates. Analysis of survey findings indicated that: (1) the high…

Military and personnel training research addressing individual differences in training environments appears in four general research areas. These include the study of (1) trainee cognitive strategies, learning styles, and sensory modalities; (2) noncognitive characteristics of trainees; (3) aptitude-performance interactions; and (4) the effects of…

Alcohol researchers have sought to characterize the relationship between cue responsivity and alcohol consumption by alcoholics. This study used the beverage tasting paradigm to test for differences in cue responsivity in adolescent sons of alcoholics. It was hypothesized that, compared to sons of nonalcoholics, sons of alcoholics would be more…