This paper deals with a study designed to pursue the question; "What treatment by whom is most effective for this individual with that specific problem under which set of circumstances?" One of the objectives of the study was to determine if there was any relationship between two predictor variables, personality type (extraversion-introversion)…

Special features of a nongraded elementary school program are reviewed as a guide to those wishing to implement the concept as a way to provide individualized instruction and quality education for all students. Emphases include the individual differences of students, the restrictive character of graded schools, curriculum patterns, levels of…

One of the most pressing needs in education today is the adaptation of instruction to individual characteristics and background. The Individually Prescribed Instruction project (IPI) of the University of Pittsburgh represents an investigation into the requirements for and the problems encountered in developing a system for individualizing…

This study seeks to identify in advance the personality traits of freshmen who will later seek counseling because of psychological discomfort. When clients were compared with nonclients (415 males, 257 females), psychiatric clients (10 males, 16 females) were higher in impulsivity, and lower in order and cognitive structure; and personal…

Two separate subject matter areas, which were felt to represent two distinct types of learning situations, were selected for investigation, namely, a kind of logico-mathematical procedure--the transportation technique, and a visual form discrimination task--aircraft recognition. Two separate courses were developed for each subject matter area. One…

This paper is concerned with the question of relationship among preferred perceptual modes, selected independent variables which cause individual differences, and the resulting effects on conceptual behavior. Subjects ranged from four and one-half years to eight and one-half years of age. Each child chosen by the plan was screened for color…

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the various techniques used to estimate the time required by the human to process a visual stimuli, i.e., recognize a stimulus input into the visual perceptual system. Sixteen tests of visual processing speed were administered to 110 undergraduate students. In summary, scores tended…

The reported research was designed to investigate the impact of learner control on performance and anxiety in a computer-assisted instruction (CAI) task. The first phase entailed the development of a two-hour CAI program on the identification of edible plants. The second phase was experimentation to determine the effectiveness of learner control.…

The primary purpose of this study was to identify and describe individual differences in teaching style (i.e., teachers' patterns of questioning and explaining) in a standardized teaching situation. The secondary purpose was to explore relationships between teaching behavior and other teacher characteristics: teaching experience; sex and selected…

The relative effects of chronological age, mental age, IQ or Piagetian task performance were investigated among 143 Ss of high, average, and low IQ. Two kinds of group comparisons were made on fifteen tasks: (1) groups of the same chronological age, but different mental age and IQ, and (2) groups of the same mental age, but different chronological…

This paper contains the argument that the major focus of social learning must be on the development of people who value a variety of cultural and subcultural life styles. Four major concerns confront the classroom teacher or curriculum developer: (1) valuing cultural diversity in the classroom, (2) organizing curriculum processes to encourage the…

In order to gather data bearing on the effects of individual differences of the "invariant stages" assumption of cognitive-developmental theory, 270 black, Chinese, and white subjects from 5th, 7th, and ninth grades were administered a new, 25-item, spatial reasoning task. It was predicted that age, ethnic group, and sex would…

This study compared various instructional practices and problems in open plan classrooms with practices and problems in conventional plan school buildings. One secondary and three elementary schools having open plan classrooms were each paired with a comparable school having conventional classrooms. Instruments were used to record: teaching…

Individual differences in general intelligence and in 8 different special aptitudes or skills were hypothesized to be independent of family size and birth order indices. Evidence to the contrary, in the form of linear correlations, was predicted to be due to the confounding influence of socio-economic factors. Among the more familiar demographic…

This report is a portion of a study of attachment behavior: behavior promoting contact and/or proximity of an infant to his mother figure. This report deals specifically with crying, response to brief everyday separations from the mother and to her return, and behavior relevant to physical contact with her. The subjects, 26 infant-mother pairs…