A popular children's TV series seeks to substitute understanding and sensitivity for the mystery that often surrounds the disabled. (Editor)

The twelve characteristics of an ideal training course discussed in the article are based on the workshop course Criterion-Referenced Instruction: Analysis, Design and Implementation by Bob Mager and Peter Pipe. Behavioral objectives, provision for student differences, practice, feedback, diverse materials, and progress information are some of the…

An examination of the implications of attempting to reconcile philosophical beliefs concerning equality of opportunity with observed differences in equality of performance, which argues that there can be no real escape from inequality. Efforts to ignore, deny, or cope with the issue of group differences and group inequality must exact a price,…

The level of assigned reading in textbooks is compared with the measured reading ability of pupils in the elementary grades 1-5. Results identify problem areas in the implementation of individualized instruction. (CS)

The concept of "multi-dimensionality" which attempts to explain differences between social classes in Lipset's formulation, has suffered from confusion regarding the level of analysis (individual or social class). In this study of college students, the multi-dimensional concept of political liberalism-conservatism was found to be unwarranted on…

This study was designed to investigate whether depressed mothers would show a predominantly negative affect or fail to provide a positive frame of experience for their babies. Two field studies of depressed mothers and their infants were conducted. A subgroup of 13 subjects and their babies from a larger project conducted in Cambridge…

A study examined the emergence of English writing in a kindergarten classroom where about three-quarters of the students were limited-English-proficient (LEP) and spoke a variety of native languages, including Spanish, Hmong, Lao, and Cambodian. Regular daily journal writing sessions were videotaped periodically and analyzed over the course of the…

An attempt is made, using a partial review of the literature, to present a non-technical overview of some of the child-related issues in simultaneous bilingualism. While controversy still rages in the area of bilingualism research, some definite changes can be discerned over the past 40 years. Opinion has shifted from a deficiency perspective to…

J. M. Richards (1989) has demonstrated that when individuals' reports about environments are aggregated to create environmental measures, the use of coefficient alpha to estimate single occasion reliability can be misleadingly elevated and that alpha cannot distinguish an environmental measure from a "disguised measure of individual…

An attempt was made to integrate script and schema-based approaches in an examination of children's early gender role development and gender typing. The examination focused on: (1) young children's sequencing of gender scripts and the relation of this sequencing to children's age, sex, and gender role knowledge; and (2) age-related differences in…

In past research, the most well-known and validated models explaining political behavior have focused on socioeconomic factors and have ignored personality variables. Based on personal interviews with 358 New York rural residents 60 years of age and over, this paper examines the relationships of political behavior and attitudes to personality…

This paper presents a conceptualization of test bias for standardized ability tests which is based on multidimensional, non-parametric, item response theory. An explanation of how individually-biased items can combine through a test score to produce test bias is provided. It is contended that bias, although expressed at the item level, should be…

As college student populations become more diverse and classes become more heterogeneous, instructors have an opportunity to implement leadership models based on the goals of empowerment, cooperation, inclusion, and collaboration. A heterarchical notion of leadership (in which information and authority flow across channels and input from all…

The recently proposed self-appraisal model of Type A behavior holds that Type As desire an accurate appraisal of abilities, and respond to uncertainty about abilities with exaggerated attempts to generate diagnostic information. The model also predicts that the major emotional response to uncertainty for Type As is anxiety. A study was conducted…

This fact sheet examines the impact of cultural diversity in the United States on the counseling profession. Three major difficulties for multicultural counseling created by this diversity are considered: (1) the counselor's own culture, attitudes, and theoretical perspective; (2) the client's culture; and (3) the multiplicity of variables…